In de reeks van 31 voorstellingen die ik gegeven heb, zijn er vijf mensen geweest die mij vroegen of het overlijden van een van hun geliefden te maken gehad zou kunnen hebben met vaccinatie met een van de twee mRNA-vaccins, waarbij er op medische gronden een zeer sterke verdenking bestaat dat dit inderdaad het geval is geweest. Het bewijs hiervoor moet normaal gesproken geleverd worden met behulp van pathologisch onderzoek, maar bij vier van de vijf mensen werd de relatie met vaccinatie niet gelegd, terwijl die op klinische gronden zeer wel vermoed kon worden. Dit op grond van het klinisch beeld, het tijdstip waarop mensen ziek werden, waarbij het ziektebeeld vrijwel onmiddellijk volgde op de vaccinatie, en omdat het om volstrekt jonge gezonde mensen ging.
Dit is de meest indrukwekkende casus. Het is het verhaal van Wendy. Wendy kreeg een van de twee meest gevreesde complicaties van een hartspierontsteking: ernstig hartfalen. Het is niet door mij geschreven, maar door de moeder van Wendy. Ik heb haar gevraagd om dat te doen, zodat Wendy niet vergeten wordt. Ik had het al eerder gelezen, maar gisteren las ik het opnieuw met een brok in de keel en de tranen in de ogen. Het is een wanhopige schreeuw van een moeder die haar dochter langzaam zag sterven, maar niet gehoord werd door de behandelend artsen.
Geen woorden. Echt, geen woorden. De verbijstering sloeg bij mij nu pas echt toe. Natuurlijk kan ik Maarten Keulemans en zijn pathetische en over het algemen zeer vermakelijke berichtjes over de mogelijkheid van een labontsnapping van SARS-CoV-2 hier weer op een voor mij typische manier afzeiken, maar dat wil ik voor de verandering eens niet doen. Dat doe ik overigens graag, daar niet van. Maar nu even niet. Ik ga me ook niet beklagen over de woorden die Keulemans gebruikt in zijn tweet. Dat kan ik namelijk veel beter. Heel veel beter. Al zeg ik het zelf.
Een recensie van De Wuhan trilogie van Dr. Jan Bonte door Rob Nuijten.
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Het laatste dat je de schrijver van De Wuhan Trilogie kunt verwijten is dat hij dingen wegliet. Toen ik behoorlijk gevorderd was met deel 3 kwam er bij het omslaan van een pagina waarbij er zich wéér een nieuw hoofdstuk aandiende wel eens de gedachte op dat ik nu wel genoeg gelezen had over praktijken van professionals die niet geheel zuiver op de graat waren. Jan Bonte wist dan echter toch weer mijn aandacht vast te houden.
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400. Federal watchdog finds problems with NIH oversight of grant funding bat virus research in China. Science News, 25 January 2023.
401. NIH Urged to Consider Banning Wuhan Institute of Virology From Future Grants. The Intercept; January 26, 2023.
402. All Information (Except Text) for S.84 – Defund EcoHealth Alliance Act. 118th Congress (2023-2024). Introduced 01/25/2023.
403. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Michael Lauer; November 2, 2023. Page 92.
404. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Lawrence Tabak; January 5, 2024. Page 121.
405. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Emily Erbelding; November 28, 2023. Page 58-63.
406. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Hugh Auchincloss; December 20, 2023. Page 164/165.
407. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Emily Erbelding; November 28, 2023. Page 58-63.
408. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 263.
409. NIH reinstates grant for controversial coronavirus research. Nature News, 8 May 2023.
410. EcoHealth Alliance Receives NIH Renewal Grant for Collaborative Research to Understand the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Spillover Emergence. EcoHealth Alliance; May 8, 2023.
411. NIH restarts bat virus grant suspended 3 years ago by Trump. Science Insider, 8 May 2023.
428. Persoonlijke mededeling Charles Rixey; donderdag 15 maart 2024.
429. In de ‘executive summary’ wordt WIV1 genoemd, maar onder het subkopje ‘SARSr-CoV QS detection, sequencing, and recovery’ staat ook WIV16 als backbone genoemd.
431. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 199.
432. Li X, Giorgi EE, Marichannegowda MH, et al. Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 through recombination and strong purifying selection. Sci Adv. 2020;6(27):eabb9153. Published 2020 Jul 1. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb9153
433. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 156.
434. “This Shouldn’t Happen”: Inside the Virus-Hunting Nonprofit at the Center of the Lab-Leak Controversy. Vanity Fair; March 31, 2022.
438. Peter Daszak Answers Critics and Defends Coronavirus Research. The Intercept; March 11, 2022.
439. Idem.
440. “This Shouldn’t Happen”: Inside the Virus-Hunting Nonprofit at the Center of the Lab-Leak Controversy. Vanity Fair; March 31, 2022.
441. Idem.
442. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Walter Ian Lipkin; Thursday, April 6, 2023. Page 72.
443. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 199. Page 164/165.
446. Scientists dispute a suggestion that SARS-CoV-2 was engineered – Science and technology. The Economist; October 27, 2022.
447. Crits-Christoph et al. (2023). Genetic evidence of susceptible wildlife in SARS-CoV-2 positive samples at the Huanan Wholesale Seafood Market, Wuhan: Analysis and interpretation of data released by the Chinese Center for Disease Control. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7754299 https://zenodo.org/records/7754299
448. Open Letter to the world – A follow-up on our analysis of the anomalous restriction map of SARS-CoV-2. A Biologist’s Guide to Life; October 24, 2022.
449. A synthetic origin of SARS-CoV-2 – What we know, and what we don’t. A Biologist’s Guide to Life; October 20, 2022.
450. The synthetic origin theory of SARS-CoV-2. A Biologist’s Guide of Life; October 27, 2022.
451. The synthetic origin theory of SARS-CoV-2. A Biologist’s Guide of Life; October 27, 2022.
452. Om de relatie tussen het aantal fragmenten en de lengte van het langste fragment te bepalen, gebruikte het drietal alle 214 restrictie-enzymen die verkocht worden door het bedrijf ‘New England Biosciences’. Die verdeling is te zien in figuur 4C. Als het drietal zich beperkt tot alleen de type IIS-restrictie-enzymen is het contrast met SARS-CoV-2 nog groter.
453. A synthetic origin of SARS-CoV-2 – What we know, and what we don’t. A Biologist’s Guide to Life; October 20, 2022.
454. The synthetic origin theory of SARS-CoV-2. A Biologist’s Guide of Life; October 27, 2022.
455. Zeng LP, Gao YT, Ge XY, et al. Bat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Like Coronavirus WIV1 Encodes an Extra Accessory Protein, ORFX, Involved in Modulation of the Host Immune Response. J Virol. 2016;90(14):6573-6582. Published 2016 Jun 24. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03079-15
461. Baric RS. 2006. Synthetic Viral Genomics. In: Working Papers for Synthetic Genomics: Risks and Benefits for Science and Society, pp. 35-81. Garfinkel MS, Endy D, Epstein GL, Friedman RM, editors. 2007.
462. Cockrell AS, Beall A, Yount B, Baric R. Efficient Reverse Genetic Systems for Rapid Genetic Manipulation of Emergent and Preemergent Infectious Coronaviruses. Methods Mol Biol. 2017; 1602: 59-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6964-7_5
463. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 24.
464. Idem; page 116.
465. Hou YJ, Okuda K, Edwards CE, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract. Cell. 2020;182(2):429-446.e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.042
466. Xie X, Muruato A, Lokugamage KG, et al. An Infectious cDNA Clone of SARS-CoV-2. Cell Host Microbe. 2020;27(5):841-848.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.004
468. Menachery VD, Yount BL Jr, Sims AC, et al. SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(11):3048-3053. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517719113
469. Zeng LP, Gao YT, Ge XY, et al. Bat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Like Coronavirus WIV1 Encodes an Extra Accessory Protein, ORFX, Involved in Modulation of the Host Immune Response. J Virol. 2016;90(14):6573-6582. Published 2016 Jun 24. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03079-15
470. A deep dive on Type IIs Restriction enzymes. Anandamide (Kevin McKernan). Nepetalactone Newsletter Substack; October 21, 2022.
474. Vu MN, Lokugamage KG, Plante JA, et al. QTQTN motif upstream of the furin-cleavage site plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022;119(32):e2205690119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2205690119
482. “We never created a supervirus.” Ralph Baric explains gain-of-function research. MIT Technology Review; July 26, 2021.
483. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; Page 20 and 93.
484. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 6th Edition. Revised 2020.
486. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 186
488. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 43
491. Hu B, Zeng LP, Yang XL, et al. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13(11):e1006698. Published 2017 Nov 30. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698
493. Adrian Jones, Daoyu Zhang, Steven E. Massey, Yuri Deigin, Louis R. Nemzer, Steven C. Quay. Discovery of a Novel Merbecovirus DNA Clone Contaminating Agricultural Rice Sequencing Datasets from Wuhan, China. Journal of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology. 7 (2024): 139-156.
495. The Lab-Leak Theory: Inside the Fight to Uncover COVID-19’s Origins. Vanity Fair; June 3, 2021.
496. Anand P, Puranik A, Aravamudan M, Venkatakrishnan AJ, Soundararajan V. SARS-CoV-2 strategically mimics proteolytic activation of human ENaC. Elife. 2020 May 26;9:e58603. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.58603
497. Harrison NL, Sachs JD. A call for an independent inquiry into the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022;119(21):e2202769119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2202769119
498. García-Caballero A, Dang Y, He H, Stutts MJ. ENaC proteolytic regulation by channel-activating protease 2. J Gen Physiol. 2008;132(5):521-535. https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200810030
499. Kota P, Gentzsch M, Dang YL, Boucher RC, Stutts MJ. The N terminus of α-ENaC mediates ENaC cleavage and activation by furin. J Gen Physiol. 2018;150(8):1179-1187. https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201711860
501. Licitra BN, Millet JK, Regan AD, Hamilton BS, Rinaldi VD, Duhamel GE, Whittaker GR. Mutation in spike protein cleavage site and pathogenesis of feline coronavirus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 Jul;19(7):1066-73. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1907.121094
502. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 193.
503. Wan Y, Shang J, Sun S, Tai W, Chen J, Geng Q, He L, Chen Y, Wu J, Shi Z, Zhou Y, Du L, Li F. Molecular Mechanism for Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Coronavirus Entry. J Virol. 2020 Feb 14;94(5):e02015-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02015-19
505. Sattar S, Kabat J, Jerome K, Feldmann F, Bailey K and Mehedi M (2023) Nuclear translocation of spike mRNA and protein is a novel feature of SARS-CoV-2. Front. Microbiol. 14:1073789. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1073789
506. Li K, Wohlford-Lenane CL, Channappanavar R, et al. Mouse-adapted MERS coronavirus causes lethal lung disease in human DPP4 knockin mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(15):E3119-E3128. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619109114
508. Origin of SARS-CoV-2: The search continues. Le Monde; December 28, 2022.
509. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023.
519. Huff AG, Allen T, Whiting K, et al. Biosurveillance: a systematic review of global infectious disease surveillance systems from 1900 to 2016. Rev Sci Tech. 2017;36(2):513-524. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.36.2.2670
520. Huff AG, Breit N, Allen T, Whiting K, Kiley C. Evaluation and Verification of the Global Rapid Identification of Threats System for Infectious Diseases in Textual Data Sources. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2016;2016:5080746. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5080746
521. Idem.
522. Zika virus: Texas and Florida airports at highest risk to receive infected travelers. The Guardian; 5 February 2016.
523. The Truth About Wuhan – How I Discovered the Biggest Lie in History. Dr. Andrew G. Huff. Skyhorse Publishers; December 6, 2022. Page 252.
524. Confidential Documents reveal Moderna sent mRNA Coronavirus Vaccine Candidate to University Researchers weeks before emergence of Covid-19. The Exposé; June 18, 2021.
528. Testimony From CIA Whistleblower Alleges New Information on COVID-19 Origins. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; September 12, 2023.
529. Wenstrup Reveals New Allegations that Dr. Fauci Potentially Influenced CIA COVID-19 Origins Investigations. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; September 26, 2023.
530. “This Shouldn’t Happen”: Inside the Virus-Hunting Nonprofit at the Center of the Lab-Leak Controversy. Vanity Fair; March 31, 2022.
531. Louisiana, Missouri Relase Full Fauci Deposition Transcript. Office of Attorney General Jeff Landry, 23 November 2022. WAFB Staff; December 5, 2022. Page 20.
532. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023; page 36.
533. Fauci was told of NIH ties to Wuhan lab’s novel coronaviruses by January 2020. U.S. Right to Know; September 5, 2023.
534. Wenstrup Releases Statement Following Day 1 of Dr. Fauci’s Testimony. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; January 8, 2024.
535. Wenstrup Releases Statement Following Dr. Fauci’s Two Day Testimony. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; January 10, 2024.
537. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Anthony S. Fauci; Part 1: January 8, 2024; page 164.
546. Bij de verhoren zijn regelmatig ook officials van de Energy and Commerce Committee, Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee aanwezig. Voor het gemak duid ik ook die aan als de ‘Subcommittee’.
547. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: David Morens, M.D.; December 29, 2023.
549. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: David Morens, M.D.; January 18, 2024; page 26/27 & 126.
550. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: David Morens, M.D.; January 18, 2024; page 48
551. Idem; page 52.
552. Idem; page 72.
553. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: David Morens, M.D.; January 18, 2024; page 77/78.
560. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: David Morens, M.D.; January 18, 2024; page 116.
561. Why it’s so tricky to trace the origin of COVID19. National Geographic; September 10, 2021.
562. Anthony Fauci urges China to release medical records of Wuhan lab workers. Financial Times; June 4, 2021.
563. Statement by President Joe Biden on the Investigation into the Origins of COVID-19. The White House; May 26, 2021.
565. Wenstrup Releases Takeaways from Interview with Dr. Fauci’s Advisor. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; January 18, 2024.
566. NIH reinstates grant for controversial coronavirus research. Nature News, 8 May 2023.
567. Wenstrup Reveals Emails from Whistleblower Alleging Additional Attempts by Fauci Advisor to Subvert Transparency About COVID-19 Origins. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; April 11, 2024.
570. Physician-Scientist Steven Quay: Forensic Examination of Wuhan Institute of Virology COVID-19 patient specimens from December 2019 reveals extensive laboratory contamination, including genetic manipulation of the Nipah Virus, a BSL-4 pathogen more lethal than Ebola. PR Newswire; July 26, 2021.
571. Contamination or Vaccine Research? RNA Sequencing data of early COVID-19 patient samples show abnormal presence of vectorized H7N9 hemagglutinin segment. Steven C. Quay, Monali C. Rahalkar, Adrian Jones and Rahul Buhalikar. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5066743 https://zenodo.org/records/5067706
572. Fadlallah GM, Ma F, Zhang Z, Hao M, Hu J, Li M, Liu H, Liang B, Yao Y, Gong R, et al. Vaccination with Consensus H7 Elicits Broadly Reactive and Protective Antibodies against Eurasian and North American Lineage H7 Viruses. Vaccines. 2020; 8(1):143. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010143 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/1/143
575. The integrity of science is vital – politics cannot interfere. Gerald T. Keusch, Richard D. Klausner and Kenneth Olden. The Hill; July 20, 2020.
576. Wenstrup Announces Subpoena for Top Fauci Advisor After Whistleblower Allegations are Confirmed. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; April 16, 2024.
617. Morens DM, Breman JG, Calisher CH, et al. The Origin of COVID-19 and Why It Matters. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103(3):955-959. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0849
619. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 15, 18, 23, 129, 130.
620. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 120.
622. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 38/39.
624. Liu SL, Saif LJ, Weiss SR, Su L. No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):505-507. Published 2020 Feb 26. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440
626. Deigin Y, Segreto R. SARS-CoV-2’s claimed natural origin is undermined by issues with genome sequences of its relative strains: Coronavirus sequences RaTG13, MP789 and RmYN02 raise multiple questions to be critically addressed by the scientific community. Bioessays. 2021;43(7):e2100015. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202100015
627. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 32/33.
629. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 35/36.
632. Ralph Baric, Whose Virology Techniques Were Used in Wuhan, Testified That Lab Leak Was Possible. Vanity Fair; May 1, 2024.
633. Menachery VD, Yount BL Jr, Debbink K, et al. A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence. Nat Med. 2015;21(12):1508-1513. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3985
634. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 136/137.
635. Idem; page 204.
636. Idem; Page 172/182.
637. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 122.
641. Hu B, Zeng LP, Yang XL, et al. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13(11):e1006698. Published 2017 Nov 30. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698
642. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 115.
643. Idem; Page 118/119.
644. Idem; Page 92.
645. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 93.
646. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 204. Page 185.
647. Idem; page 95.
648. Idem; Page 102/111.
649. Idem. Page 92.
650. Idem. Page 177.
651. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 180.
652. Idem; page 185.
653. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 132/144-146.
654. Idem; page 124.
655. Menachery VD, Dinnon KH 3rd, Yount BL Jr, et al. Trypsin Treatment Unlocks Barrier for Zoonotic Bat Coronavirus Infection. J Virol. 2020;94(5):e01774-19. Published 2020 Feb 14. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01774-19
656. Idem; page 49/50.
657. Idem; page 39.
658. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 56/57/58/59
662. Management Advisory: Review of DoD Funds Provided to the People’s Republic of China and Associated Affiliates for Research Activities or Any Foreign Countries for the Enhancement of Pathogens of Pandemic Potential. Inspector General U.S. Department of Defense; June 18, 2024.
663. Peter Daszak’s EcoHealth Alliance Has Hidden Almost $40 Million in Pentagon Funding and Militarized Pandemic Science. Independent Science News; December 16, 2020.
671. Letter of Roger W. Marshall to Inspector General – U.S. Department of Defense Office of Inspector General.
672. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 233.
675. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 165/178.
676. Prophet in Purgatory. Science News, 17 November 2021.
677. NIH demands unpublished data on coronavirus experiment, but says research is not linked to the pandemic. The Washington Post; October 21, 2021.
679. EcoHealth Alliance President Peter Daszak to Appear for Public Hearing. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; April 4, 2024.
680. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 230
683. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 245.
689. Voor een aantal hoofdpersonen volgde na een vrijwillig interview met de Subcommittee een openbare hoorzitting.
690. The COVID-19 Origins Investigation – Committee on Energy & Commerce – Chair Rogers. April 16, 2021.
691. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 79/80.
694. Wang N, Li SY, Yang XL, Huang HM, Zhang YJ, Guo H, Luo CM, Miller M, Zhu G, Chmura AA, Hagan E, Zhou JH, Zhang YZ, Wang LF, Daszak P, Shi ZL. Serological Evidence of Bat SARS-Related Coronavirus Infection in Humans, China. Virol Sin. 2018 Feb;33(1):104-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12250-018-0012-7
698. Wu Z, Han Y, Wang Y, et al. A comprehensive survey of bat sarbecoviruses across China in relation to the origins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Natl Sci Rev. 2022;10(6):nwac213. Published 2022 Oct 11. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwac213
699. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 77.
701. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories – 6th Edition. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – National institutes of Health. Revised June 2020.
702. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories – 5th Edition. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – National Institutes of Health.
711. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 30.
725. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 216.
726. Science editor says his journal’s ‘wet market’ papers are not conclusive. U.S. Right to Know; April 16, 2024.
730. Het laboratorium in Wuhan waar corona begon – of toch niet. NRC, 22 mei 2020.
731. Goede relatie met China voor Universiteit Groningen dan academische vrijheid. Follow the Money; 7 mei 2021.
732. Have scientists suppressed the truth about Covid’s origins? Spiked; 15th October 2024.
733. Police using Huawei technology despite concerns over Chinese spying. The Telegraph; 15 February 2023.
734. Is China’s Huawei a Threat to U.S. National Security? Council on Foreign Relations; February 8, 2023.
735. University of Edingburgh took £12m funding from Chinese organisations with military links, including money from Huawei Technologies. The Scotsman; 14th November 2023.
736. The Lab-Leak Hypothesis – For decades, scientists have been hot-wiring viruses in hopes of preventing a pandemic, not causing one. But what if…? Intelligencer; January 4, 2021.
741. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Anthony S. Fauci; Part 2: January 9, 2024. Page 74.
743. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Anthony S. Fauci; Part 1: January 8, 2024. Page 175.
744. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Anthony S. Fauci; Part 2: January 9, 2024. Page 79.
745. Dr. Fauci Could Have Said a Lot More. The New York Times; March 28, 2023.
746. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of Francis Collins, M.D.; January 12, 2024. Page 98
756. Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 56.
762. Pacheco-García U, Serafín-López J. Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 14;11(3):655. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030655
764. The Sarin Gas Attack in Japan and the Related Forensic Investigation. Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons; 1 June 2001.
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26 Borucki MK, Allen JE, Chen-Harris H, et al. The role of viral population diversity in adaptation of bovine coronavirus to new host environments. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52752. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052752
27 The Trail Leading Back to the Wuhan Labs. National Review; April 3, 2020.
38 House Republicans release text of redacted Fauci emails on Covid origins. The Intercept; January 12, 2022.
39 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Robert F. Garry. Friday, June 9, 2023. Page 136.
40 Stammt das Corona-Virus aus dem Labor? Der Verdacht liegt nahe, dass namhafte Wissenschaftler die brisante These vertuschen wollten. Im Fokus: Star-Virologe Christian Drosten. Die Weltwoche, 29.11.2022.
42 Eddy Holmes: Zoonotic Diseases, China, Fauci And The Lab Leak Hypothesis. Bad Boy of Science; 23 December 2022; 55:15
43 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 125.
46 Peter Daszak wordt bedreigd om zijn vermeende rol in de coviduitbraak: ‘Het is voor sommigen een te goed verhaal om terzijde te leggen’. Maarten Keulemans; Volkskrant, 16 december 2023.
47 Het grootste deel van het verhaal heb ik zelf gereconstrueerd: de link met Peter Daszak en het Global Virome Project werd me echter aan de hand gedaan door Gilles Demaneuf. It was staring me in the face, maar ik zag de connectie niet. Gilles Demaneuf wel. Waarmee het laatste stukje van de puzzel gelegd werd.
49 Liu MQ, Lin HF, Li J, et al. A SARS-CoV-2-Related Virus from Malayan Pangolin Causes Lung Infection without Severe Disease in Human ACE2-Transgenic Mice. J Virol. 2023;97(2):e0171922. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01719-22
53 Fan, Hua-Hao; Wang, Li-Qin; Liu, Wen-Li; An, Xiao-Ping; Liu, Zhen-Dong; He, Xiao-Qi; Song, Li-Hua; Tong, Yi-Gang. Repurposing of clinically approved drugs for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 2019-novel coronavirus-related coronavirus model. Chinese Medical Journal 133(9):p 1051-1056, May 5, 2020. | https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000797
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57 Choo, Siew Woh; Jinfeng Zhou; Xuechen Tian; Siyuan Zhang; Shen Qiang; Stephen James O’Brien; Ka Yun Tan; Sara Platto; Klaus-Peter Koepfli; Agostinho Antunes; and Frankie Thomas Sitam. 2020. “Are Pangolins Scapegoats of the COVID-19 Outbreak-CoV Transmission and Pathology Evidence?.” Conservation Letters, (): e12754. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12754
62 ‘Lab-Made? SARS-CoV-2 Genealogy Through the Lens of Gain-of-Function Research. Yuri Deigin – Medium; April 22, 2020.
63 Ren W, Qu X, Li W, et al. Difference in receptor usage between severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and SARS-like coronavirus of bat origin. J Virol. 2008;82(4):1899-1907. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01085-07
64 Yang Y, Liu C, Du L, et al. Two Mutations Were Critical for Bat-to-Human Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. J Virol. 2015;89(17):9119-9123. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01279-15
66 Lu S, Luo S, Liu C, et al. Induction of significant neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by a highly attenuated pangolin coronavirus variant with a 104nt deletion at the 3′-UTR. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2023;12(1):2151383. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2022.2151383
80 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of Robert Redfield, M.D.; Thursday, March 17, 2022.
99 Key Scientist in Covid origin controversy of $8.9 million NIH grant. The Intercept; July 21, 2023.
100 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Anthony S. Fauci; Part 1: January 8, 2024. Page 83, 84.
103 Calisher C, Carroll D, Colwell R, et al. Statement in support of the scientists, public health professionals, and medical professionals of China combatting COVID-19. Lancet. 2020;395(10226):e42-e43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30418-9
104 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 216.
105 Proximal Origin – A Tragicomedy of our Times (Part 2). Gilles Demaneuf; August 4, 2024.
113 Munster VJ, Koopmans M, van Doremalen N, van Riel D, de Wit E. A Novel Coronavirus Emerging in China – Key Questions for Impact Assessment. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):692-694. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2000929
115 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 217.
120 Lancet COVID-19 Commissioners, Task Force Chairs, and Commission Secretariat. Lancet COVID-19 Commission Statement on the occasion of the 75th session of the UN General Assembly. Lancet. 2020 Oct 10;396(10257):1102-1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31927-9. Epub 2020 Sep 14. Erratum in: Lancet. 2020 Oct 10;396(10257):1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32030-4. PMID: 32941825; PMCID: PMC7489891.
123 Relman DA. Opinion: To stop the next pandemic, we need to unravel the origins of COVID-19. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(47):29246-29248. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021133117
124 Lancet COVID-19 Commissioners, Task Force Chairs, and Commission Secretariat. Lancet COVID-19 Commission Statement on the occasion of the 75th session of the UN General Assembly. Lancet. 2020 Oct 10;396(10257):1102-1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31927-9. Epub 2020 Sep 14. Erratum in: Lancet. 2020 Oct 10;396(10257):1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32030-4. PMID: 32941825; PMCID: PMC7489891.
125 Idem.
126 Trump’s anti-China theory implodes. CNN; May 6, 2020.
127 Mad Scientist. Nowhere is the lab-leak debate more personal than among the experts investigating the origins of COVID. New York Intelligencer; March 3, 2023.
128 Potemkin verwijst naar de mythe van het ‘Potemkin-dorp’ dat in opdracht van de Russische veldmaarschalk Grigori Potjomkin gebouwd zou zijn voor de tsarina Catharina de Grote tijdens haar bezoek aan de Krim in 1787, om haar ervan te overtuigen dat de situatie ter plekke veel beter was dan in werkelijkheid het geval was. In overdrachtelijke zin staat het voor de poging om een situatie mooier voor te stellen dan ze in werkelijkheid is.
129 Jeffrey Sachs, China’s Apologist in Chief. National Review; April 24, 2021.
130 Mad Scientist. Nowhere is the lab-leak debate more personal than among the experts investigating the origins of COVID. New York Intelligencer; March 3, 2023.
137 Mad Scientist. Nowhere is the lab-leak debate more personal than among the experts investigating the origins of COVID. New York Intelligencer; March 3, 2023.
138 Sachs JD, Karim SSA, Aknin L, et al. The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2022;400(10359):1224-1280. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01585-9
139 Statement on the first meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
140 WHO, China leaders discuss next steps in battle against coronavirus outbreak. World Health Organization, 28 January 2020.
141 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Clifford Lane. December 15, 2023.
165 WHO-convened global study of origins of SARS-CoV-2: China Part; Annexes; Annex B, team members
166 WHO Mission to Look for Answers to Covid-19’s Origin in Wuhan. Wall Street Journal; January 13, 2021.
167 How the WHO’s Hunt for Covid’s Origins Stumbled in China. The Wall Street Journal; March 17, 2021.
168 Idem.
169 WHO-convened Global Study of Origins of SARS-CoV-2: China Part. Joint WHO-China Study; 14 January – 10 February 2021, Joint Report. Page 15, table 1.
170 WHO-convened global study of origins of SARS-CoV-2: China Part; Annexes: Annex D2.
171 Ren LL, Wang YM, Wu ZQ, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020;133(9):1015-1024. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000722
172 The Chinese Scientist Who Sequenced the First COVID-19 Genome Speaks Out About the Controversies Surrounding His Work. Time; August 24, 2020.
173 In Depth: How Early Signs of a SARS-Like Virus Were Spotted, Spread, and Throttled. Caixin; February 29, 2020.
175 SAGO Presentation: Limitations of the official 2019 Wuhan cases (based on Primary Sources). Gilles Demaneuf; August 2023. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31348.94086; page 17.
190 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 161.
191 How the WHO’s Hunt for Covid’s Origins Stumbled in China. The Wall Street Journal; March 17, 2021.
192 China Refuses to Give WHO Raw Data on Early Covid-19 Cases. Wall Street Journal; February 12, 2021.
197 Bij het gebruik van een diagnostische test zijn er altijd vier mogelijke uitslagen: (1) Een test kan terecht positief zijn. Dat wil zeggen dat de ziekteverwekker aanwezig is en de test dat ook aantoont. Een test kan ook terecht negatief zijn. Dan is de ziekteverwekker niet aanwezig, en bevestigt de test dat. Een test kan echter ook een fout-negatieve uitslag hebben: de ziekteverwekker is er wel, maar de test zegt dat dit niet zo is. En de laatste mogelijkheid is een fout-positieve uitslag van een test: de ziekteverwekker is er niet, maar de test zegt dat het wel zo is. Als een test niet honderd procent sensitief en specifiek is – en die testen bestaan niet – zijn er altijd fout-negatieve en fout-positieve uitslagen. Die zouden er hier dus ook moeten zijn.
198 Sharun K, Dhama K, Pawde AM, et al. SARS-CoV-2 in animals: potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications. Vet Q. 2021;41(1):181-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2021.1921311
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200 Pang X, Ren L, Wu S, et al. Cold-chain food contamination as the possible origin of COVID-19 resurgence in Beijing. Natl Sci Rev. 2020;7(12):1861-1864. Published 2020 Oct 23. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa264
201 Zhang Y, Pan Y, Zhao X, Shi W, Chen Z, Zhang S, Liu P, Xiao J, Tan W, Wang D, Liu WJ, Xu W, Wang Q, Wu G. Genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 identified in a reemerging COVID-19 outbreak in Beijing’s Xinfadi market in 2020. Biosaf Health. 2020 Dec;2(4):202-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.08.006. Epub 2020 Sep 2. PMID: 32895643; PMCID: PMC7467064.
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206 Wuhan lab denied BSL4 access for SARS work without clear reasoning. U.S. Right to Know; February 28, 2023.
207 Fever: The Hunt for Covid’s Origin. Part 4: Mission: Impossible; 20 June 2023
208 How the WHO’s Hunt for Covid’s Origins Stumbled in China. The Wall Street Journal; March 17, 2021.
213 ‘Politics was always in the room.’ WHO mission chief reflects on China trip seeking COVID-19’s origin. Science Insider, 14 February 2021.
214 ‘Politics was always in the room.’ WHO mission chief reflects on China trip seeking COVID-19’s origin. Science Insider, 14 February 2021.
215 Marion Koopmans vanuit Wuhan: ‘Zal altijd een groep zeggen: zie je wel, ze houden informatie achter.’ Algemeen Dagblad, 3 februari 2021.
216 Fever: The Hunt for Covid’s Origin. Part 4: Mission: Impossible; 20 June 2023
217 Exclusive: Lead Chinese Scientists of WHO joint team adresses key issues ahead of joint report release. Global Times; March 17, 2021.
218 WHO Caught Between China and West on Frozen-Food Coronavirus Transmission. Wall Street Journal; January 22, 2021.
219 Fever: The Hunt for Covid’s Origin. Part 4: Mission: Impossible; 20 June 2023
220 WHO Director-General’s remarks at the Member State Briefing on the report of the international team studying the origins of SARS-CoV-2.
221 Chinese officials note serious problems in coronavirus response. The World Health Organization keeps praising them. The Washington Post; February 9, 2020.
222 Trump halts funding to World Health Organization. Politico; April 14, 2020.
223 Trump halts World Health Organization funding over handling of coronavirus outbreak. CNN Politics; April 15, 2020.
224 The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization. KFF – The independent source for health policy research, polling and news; June 13, 2024.
225 Tedros re-elected to lead the World Health Organization. United Nations – UN News; 24 May 2022.
226 WHO leader and Wuhan Institute of Virology collaborator clashed in ‘ugly’ meeting. U.S. Right to Know; August 17, 2024.
227 The origin of COVID: Did people or nature open Pandora’s box at Wuhan? Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists; May 5, 2021.
232 In new documentary, WHO scientist says Chinese officials pressured investigation to drop lab-leak hypothesis. The Washington Post; August 12, 2021.
233 Mogelijk werd als eerste een medewerker van een laboratorium in Wuhan besmet door vleermuizen, zegt de Deense WHO-chef. TV2, 12 Augustus 2021 (Vertaling via Google Translate).
234 In new documentary, WHO scientist says Chinese officials pressured investigation to drop lab-leak hypothesis. The Washington Post; August 12, 2021.
250 Holmes EC, Goldstein SA, Rasmussen AL, et al. The origins of SARS-CoV-2: A critical review. Cell. 2021;184(19):4848-4856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.017
251 A Response to “The Origins of SARS-CoV-2: A Critical Review.” Alina Chan; July 12, 2021.
252 Xu RH, He JF, Evans MR, et al. Epidemiologic clues to SARS origin in China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(6):1030-1037. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1006.030852
253 Wang M, Yan M, Xu H, et al. SARS-CoV infection in a restaurant from palm civet. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11(12):1860-1865. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1112.041293
254 Shi Z, Wang LF. Evolution of SARS Coronavirus and the Relevance of Modern Molecular Epidemiology. Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases. 2017:601–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-799942-5.00026-3. Epub 2017 Jan 20. PMCID: PMC7150232.
255 Xu RH, He JF, Evans MR, et al. Epidemiologic clues to SARS origin in China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(6):1030-1037. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1006.030852
256 Search for Covid’s Origins Leads to China’s Wild Animal Farms – and a Big Problem. Wall Street Journal; June 30, 2021.
257 Li W, Shi Z, Yu M, et al. Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses. Science. 2005;310(5748):676-679. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1118391
260 Lamers MM, Mykytyn AZ, Breugem TI, et al. Human airway cells prevent SARS-CoV-2 multibasic cleavage site cell culture adaptation. Elife. 2021;10:e66815. Published 2021 Apr 9. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.66815
261 Zeng LP, Gao YT, Ge XY, et al. Bat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Like Coronavirus WIV1 Encodes an Extra Accessory Protein, ORFX, Involved in Modulation of the Host Immune Response. J Virol. 2016;90(14):6573-6582. Published 2016 Jun 24. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03079-15
262 Baczenas JJ, Andersen H, Rashid S, et al. Propagation of SARS-CoV-2 in Calu-3 Cells to Eliminate Mutations in the Furin Cleavage Site of Spike. Viruses. 2021;13(12):2434. Published 2021 Dec 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13122434
264 Hu B, Zeng LP, Yang XL, et al. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13(11):e1006698. Published 2017 Nov 30. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698
265 A kind of carnivorism bat rearing cage. Application CN20831798U; 2018-06-15.
266 How China’s Bat Caves Hold the Secret to Preventing Epidemics. Sixthone.com; May 24, 2018.
272 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023; page 169.
273 Wuhan lab’s classified work complicates search for pandemic’s origins. The Washington Post; June 22, 2021.
277 Xu RH, He JF, Evans MR, et al. Epidemiologic clues to SARS origin in China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(6):1030-1037. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1006.030852
278 BSL Laboratories in Wuhan and their roles in coronavirus research. Medium. Gilles Demaneuf; April 27, 2022.
279 BSL Laboratories in Wuhan and their roles in coronavirus research. Medium. Gilles Demaneuf; April 27, 2022.
280 Worobey M, Levy JI, Malpica Serrano L, et al. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Science. 2022;377(6609):951-959. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abp8715
281 Michael Worobey, Joshua I. Levy, Lorena M. Malpica Serrano, Alexander Crits-Christoph, Jonathan E. Pekar, Stephen A. Goldstein, Angela L. Rasmussen, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Chris Newman, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Marc A. Suchard, Joel O. Wertheim, Philippe Lemey, David L. Robertson, Robert F. Garry, Edward C. Holmes, Andrew Rambaut, & Kristian G. Andersen. (2022). The Huanan market was the epicenter of SARS-CoV-2 emergence. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299600 https://zenodo.org/records/6299600
282 Crits-Christoph, A., Gangavarapu, K., Pekar, J. E., Moshiri, N., Singh, R., Levy, J. I., Goldstein, S. A., Suchard, M. A., Popescu, S., Robertson, D. L., Lemey, P., Wertheim, J. O., Garry, R. F., Rasmussen, A. L., Andersen, K. G., Holmes, E. C., Rambaut, A., Worobey, M., & Débarre, F. (2023). Genetic evidence of susceptible wildlife in SARS-CoV-2 positive samples at the Huanan Wholesale Seafood Market, Wuhan: Analysis and interpretation of data released by the Chinese Center for Disease Control. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7754299 https://zenodo.org/records/7754299
283 Evidence for a natural origin of Covid-19 no longer dispositive after scientific peer review. Alina Chan on Medium; July 27, 2022.
284 Xu RH, He JF, Evans MR, et al. Epidemiologic clues to SARS origin in China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(6):1030-1037. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1006.030852
286 Pekar JE, Magee A, Parker E, et al. The molecular epidemiology of multiple zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2 [published correction appears in Science. 2023 Oct 13;382(6667):eadl0585]. Science. 2022;377(6609):960-966. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abp8337
287 Na de peer-review van de studie zou de titel aangepast worden: ‘The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic.’ Michael Worobey et al. ,The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic.Science377,951-959(2022). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abp8715
288 Gao G, Liu W, Liu P, et al. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment and animal samples of the Huanan Seafood Market. Research Square; 2022. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1370392/v1
290 De hele Slack-conversatie kan teruggevonden worden in het navolgende artikel. Er zijn twee databestanden, waarvan het ene alle relevante e-mails van Andersen bevat en het andere de inhoud van het Slack-kanaal van Andersen: Covid Origins Scientist Denounces Reporting On His Messages As A “Conspiracy Theory”. Public, 20 July 2023. https://dub.link/NZXNeMu https://www.public.news/p/covid-origins-scientist-denounces
291 Do three new studies add up to proof of COVID-19’s origin in a Wuhan animal market? Science Insider; 28 February 2022.
292 Worobey M, Levy JI, Malpica Serrano L, et al. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Science. 2022;377(6609):951-959. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abp8715
295 In de preprint gaat het om acht gevallen die niet betrouwbaar gelokaliseerd konden worden, in de uiteindelijke publicatie gaat het om negen gevallen. Daarom is de analyse in de preprint gebaseerd op 156 gevallen en in de uiteindelijke publicatie op 155 gevallen. Hoewel arbitrair, heb ik hier het getal aangehouden dat in de uiteindelijke publicatie gegeven wordt, omdat ook Walker dit getal noemt.
303 ‘The CT machines were crashing’: Interview with Wuhan Doctor reveals early COVID cases were suppressed. US Right to Know; July 10, 2023.
304 SAGO Presentation: Limitations of the official 2019 Wuhan cases (based on Primary Sources). Gilles Demaneuf; August 2023. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31348.94086; page 47
318 Pekar J, Worobey M, Moshiri N, Scheffler K, Wertheim JO. Timing the SARS-CoV-2 index case in Hubei province. Science. 2021;372(6540):412-417. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf8003
320 The 2019-nCoV Outbreak Joint Field Epidemiology Investigation Team, Qun Li. An Outbreak of NCIP (2019-nCoV) Infection in China — Wuhan, Hubei Province, 2019−2020[J]. China CDC Weekly, 2020, 2(5): 79-80. https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2020.022
325 SAGO Presentation: Limitations of the official 2019 Wuhan cases (based on Primary Sources). Gilles Demaneuf; August 2023. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31348.94086; page 101.
326 Li L, Yang L, Zhu H, Dai R. Explorative Analysis of Wuhan Intra-Urban Human Mobility Using Social Media Check-In Data. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 19;10(8):e0135286. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135286. PMID: 26288273; PMCID: PMC4545943.
328 Wegehaupt O, Endo A, Vassall A. Superspreading, overdispersion and their implications in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1003. Published 2023 May 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15915-1
329 Covid-19: Thailand tests thousands after virus outbreak in seafood market. BBC, 21 december 2020.
330 Jurong Fishery Port: Singapore’s biggest COVID-19 community cluster closes. CNA; September 7, 2021.
331 12 more markets and food centres linked to Covid-19 cases: MOH. The Straits Times Singapore; July 18, 2021.
332 Pekar, J. E., Magee, A., Parker, E., Moshiri, N., Izhikevich, K., Havens, J. L., Gangavarapu, K., Malpica Serrano, L. M., Crits-Christoph, A., Matteson, N. L., Zeller, M., Levy, J. I., Wang, J. C., Hughes, S., Lee, J., Park, H., Park, M.-S., Ching Zi Yan, K., Tzer Pin Lin, R., … Wertheim, J. O. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 emergence very likely resulted from at least two zoonotic events. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6291628 https://zenodo.org/records/6291628
333 Pekar JE, Magee A, Parker E, et al. The molecular epidemiology of multiple zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2 [published correction appears in Science. 2023 Oct 13;382(6667):eadl0585]. Science. 2022;377(6609):960-966. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abp8337
334 De titel van de preprint luidt ‘SARS-CoV-2 emergence very likely resulted from at least two zoonotic events.’ Deze werd in de definitieve publicatie veranderd naar ‘The molecular epidemiology of multiple zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2.’ Beide duid ik aan als ‘Pekar et al.’, waarbij ik de definitieve studie als uitgangspunt neem.
335 Early appearance of two distinct genomic lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in different Wuhan wildlife markets suggests SARS-CoV-2 has a natural origin. Bob Garry; Virological.org, May 2021.
337 Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):514-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9
338 Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020;395(10224):565-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
339 Horiike, Tokumasa. (2016). AN INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS. Reviews in Agricultural Science. 4. https://doi.org/10.7831/ras.4.36.
340 Delete, Deny, and Destroy: Chinese and Western Strategies To Erase COVID’s Origin Are Being Exposed By Independent Research. Independent Science News; April 21, 2022.
342 Kumar S, Tao Q, Weaver S, et al. An Evolutionary Portrait of the Progenitor SARS-CoV-2 and Its Dominant Offshoots in COVID-19 Pandemic. Mol Biol Evol. 2021;38(8):3046-3059. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab118
343 Caraballo-Ortiz MA, Miura S, Sanderford M, et al. TopHap: rapid inference of key phylogenetic structures from common haplotypes in large genome collections with limited diversity. Bioinformatics. 2022;38(10):2719-2726. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac186
344 Cao Y, Chen L, Chen H, et al. Was Wuhan the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic? – A critique. Natl Sci Rev. 2022;10(4):nwac287. Published 2022 Dec 22. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwac287
346 Clark CJ, Jussim L, Frey K, et al. Prosocial motives underlie scientific censorship by scientists: A perspective and research agenda. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023;120(48):e2301642120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2301642120
347 Shir-Raz Y, Elisha E, Martin B, Ronel N, Guetzkow J. Censorship and Suppression of Covid-19 Heterodoxy: Tactics and Counter-Tactics [published online ahead of print, 2022 Nov 1]. Minerva. 2022;1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-022-09479-4
349 Steven E Massey, Adrian Jones, Daouyu Zhang, Yuri Deigin, & Steven C Quay. (2022). Unwarranted exclusion of intermediate lineage A-B SARS-CoV-2 genomes is inconsistent with the two spillover hypothesis of the origin of COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362811 https://zenodo.org/records/7362811
350 Delete, Deny, and Destroy: Chinese and Western Strategies To Erase COVID’s Origin Are Being Exposed By Independent Research. Independent Science News; April 21, 2022.
351 New Research Points to Wuhan Market as Pandemic Origin. The New York Times; February 27, 2022.
352 Studies offer further evidence that the coronavirus pandemic began in animals in Wuhan market. CNN; February 27, 2022.
353 Do three new studies add up to proof of COVID-19’s origin in a Wuhan animal market? Science Insider; 28 February 2022.
354 Studie levert nieuw bewijs voor dierenmarkt Wuhan als bron coronavirus. NOS Nieuws, maandag 28 februari 2022.
355 “This Shouldn’t Happen”: Inside the Virus-Hunting Nonprofit at the Center of the Lab-Leak Controversy. Vanity Fair; March 31, 2022.
357 The origin of COVID: Did people or nature open Pandora’s box at Wuhan? Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists; May 5, 2021.
358 Farkas C, Fuentes-Villalobos F, Garrido JL, Haigh J, Barría MI. Insights on early mutational events in SARS-CoV-2 virus reveal founder effects across geographical regions. PeerJ. 2020;8:e9255. Published 2020 May 21. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9255
366 Pipes L, Wang H, Huelsenbeck JP, Nielsen R. Assessing Uncertainty in the Rooting of the SARS-CoV-2 Phylogeny. Mol Biol Evol. 2021;38(4):1537-1543. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa316
388 SAGO Presentation: Limitations of the official 2019 Wuhan cases (based on Primary Sources). Gilles Demaneuf; August 2023. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31348.94086; page 167-170.
389 Idem; page 31-32
390 China’s Health Care Crisis: Lines Before Dawn, Violence and ‘No Trust’. The New York Times; September 30, 2018.
391 SAGO Presentation: Limitations of the official 2019 Wuhan cases (based on Primary Sources). Gilles Demaneuf; August 2023. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31348.94086; page 80-82; Page 40
393 SAGO Presentation: Limitations of the official 2019 Wuhan cases (based on Primary Sources). Gilles Demaneuf; August 2023. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31348.94086; page 80-82; 151-153.
394 Daoyu Zhang, Gilles Demaneuf and Adrian Jones et al. Zoonosis at the Huanan Seafood Market: A Critique. 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7212687; supplement.
395 In The Same Breath. HBO Documentary: Nanfu Wang; August 18, 2021.
397 Nine Days in Wuhan, the Ground Zero of the Coronavirus Pandemic. The New Yorker; October 5, 2020.
398 Daoyu Zhang, Gilles Demaneuf and Adrian Jones et al. Zoonosis at the Huanan Seafood Market: A Critique. 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7212687; supplement.
399 Schreck JH, Lashaki MJ, Hashemi J, Dhanak M, Verma S. Aerosol generation in public restrooms. Phys Fluids (1994). 2021;33(3):033320. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040310
400 Massicotte R, Assanta MA, Rosette KM. Importance of the Precautionary Principle With Regard to the Risk of Exposure to Aerosols Containing Viral Loads of SARS-CoV-2 Present in Feces: In Perspective. Front Public Health. 2022;10:892290. Published 2022 May 25. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.892290
401 Liu WJ, Liu P, Lei W, et al. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 at the Huanan Seafood Market [published online ahead of print, 2023 Apr 5]. Nature. 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06043-2
407 The Strongest Evidence Yet That an Animal Started the Pandemic. The Atlantic; March 16, 2023.
408 Genetisch bewijs: wasbeerhond gaf mensheid coronavirus. De Volkskrant, 17 maart 2023
409 Wetenschappers vinden sterk genetisch bewijs dat een wasbeerhond aan begin coronapandemie stond. Het Parool, 17 maart 2023.
410 Wetenschappers vinden sterk genetisch bewijs dat een dier aan begin coronapandemie stond. Algemeen Dagblad, 17 maart 2023.
411 Genetisch bewijs brengt coronavirus in verband met wasbeerhonden. NOS Nieuws, zaterdag 18 maart 2023.
412 Crits-Christoph et al. (2023). Genetic evidence of susceptible wildlife in SARS-CoV-2 positive samples at the Huanan Wholesale Seafood Market, Wuhan: Analysis and interpretation of data released by the Chinese Center for Disease Control. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7754299 https://zenodo.org/records/7754299
417 Did Covid really originate in Wuhan’s seafood market? The Spectator, 18 March 2023.
418 Crits-Christoph et al. (2023). Genetic evidence of susceptible wildlife in SARS-CoV-2 positive samples at the Huanan Wholesale Seafood Market, Wuhan: Analysis and interpretation of data released by the Chinese Center for Disease Control. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7754299 https://zenodo.org/records/7754299
424 GISAID offers a safe space to post viral genomes. Peter Bogner, its perplexing creator and overseer, may be kindizing its future. Science Insider, 19 April 2023
425 Inside the COVID Origins Raccoon Dog Cage Match. Vanity Fair; June 1, 2023.
426 Critics decry access, transparency issues with key trove of coronavirus sequences. Science Insider; 10 March 2021.
427 Unearthed genetic sequences from China market may point to animal origin of COVID-19. Science Insider, 16 March 2023.
428 Inside the COVID Origins Raccoon Dog Cage Match. Vanity Fair; June 1, 2023.
429 Washburne, Alex & Jones, Adrian & Zhang, Daoyu & Deigin, Yuri & Quay, Steven & Massey, Steven. (2022). Statistical challenges for inferring multiple SARS-CoV-2 spillovers with early outbreak phylodynamics. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.10.511625.
431 Steven E Massey, Adrian Jones, Daouyu Zhang, Yuri Deigin, & Steven C Quay. (2022). Unwarranted exclusion of intermediate lineage A/B SARS-CoV-2 genomes is inconsistent with the two spillover hypothesis of the origin of COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7005332 https://zenodo.org/records/7005332
435 Het DNA in een cel wordt onderverdeeld in DNA dat in de celkern aanwezig is en DNA dat in mitochondriën – de ‘energiecentrales’ van de cel – aanwezig is. Het DNA uit de celkern wordt ‘genomisch DNA’ genoemd en het DNA uit mitochondriën ‘mitochondriaal DNA’. Er zijn meerdere verschillen in eigenschappen en functies tussen beide soorten DNA, die voor het verhaal niet van belang zijn. Wel belangrijk is dat het mitochondriaal DNA heel geschikt is om te bepalen van welke diersoort dit afkomstig is. En dus gaat het belangrijkste deel van de analyse van Bloom over mitochondriaal DNA.
437 Crits-Christoph et al. (2023). Genetic evidence of susceptible wildlife in SARS-CoV-2 positive samples at the Huanan Wholesale Seafood Market, Wuhan: Analysis and interpretation of data released by the Chinese Center for Disease Control. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7754299 https://zenodo.org/records/7754299
456 Débarre F. What we can and cannot learn from SARS-CoV-2 and animals in metagenomic samples from the Huanan market. Virus Evol. 2023;10(1):vead077. Published 2023 Dec 29. https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vead077
457 Unearthed genetic sequences from China market may point to animal origin of COVID-19. Science Insider; 16 March 2023.
458 Bloom JD. Importance of quantifying the number of viral reads in metagenomic sequencing of environmental samples from the Huanan Seafood Market. Virus Evol. 2023;10(1):vead089. Published 2023 Dec 30. https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vead089
460 Freuling CM, Breithaupt A, Müller T, et al. Susceptibility of Raccoon Dogs for Experimental SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(12):2982-2985. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2612.203733
462 De eerste twee auteurs hadden inmiddels stuivertje gewisseld, en Liu werd nu eerste auteur. Voor het gemak blijf ik het artikel echter aanduiden als Gao et al.
463 Liu WJ, Liu P, Lei W, et al. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 at the Huanan Seafood Market [published online ahead of print, 2023 Apr 5]. Nature. 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06043-2. (In de preprint is George Gao nog eerste auteur, maar in de uiteindelijke versie verschuift hij naar de positie van een senior auteur, en wordt William Liu eerste auteur).
464 Lab Leak Most Likely Origin of Covid-19 Pandemic, Energy Department Now Says. The Wall Street Journal; February 26, 2023.
465 Little-known scientific team behind new assessment on covid-19 origins. The Washington Post; February 28, 2023.
471 Covid Market Origins Hypothesis Challenged by Statisticians. Newsweek; January 18, 2024.
472 Schwere statistische Fehler bei Studie zum Ursprung der Covid-Pandemie; 09.02.2024.
473 Kritik an statistischer Analyse zum Corona-Ursprung. Frankfurter Allgemeine; 28.01.2024
474 Covid-19 origins: researchers challenge early paper pointing to Wuhan market as epicentre of pandemic. South China Morning Post; January 29, 2024.
475 Confirmation of the centrality of the Huanan market among early Covid-19 cases. Reply to Stoyan and Chiu (2024); March 9, 2024. https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.05859
494 Erratum for the Research Article “The molecular epidemiology of multiple zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2” by J. E. Pekar et al..Science 382,eadl0585(2023). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adl0585
497 An Inconvenient Probability v5.10. Michael’s Substack. Michael Weissman; March 14, 2024.
498 Idem.
499 Conspiracy Theories About COVID-19 Help Nobody. Foreign Policies; September 15, 2022.
500 Lv JX, Liu X, Pei YY, et al. Evolutionary trajectory of diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants at the beginning of COVID-19 outbreak. Virus Evol. 2024;10(1):veae020. Published 2024 Mar 5. https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/veae020
505 Genetic tracing of market wildlife and viruses at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic Crits-Christoph, Alexander et al. Cell, Volume 187, Issue 19, 5468 – 5482.e11
506 Evidence points to Wuhan market as source of covid-19 outbreak. New Scientist; 19 September 2024.
507 New genetic research points to Wuhan animal market as origin of COVID pandemic, study says. Los Angeles Times; September 2021, 2024.
508 New research points to raccoon dogs in Wuhan market as pandemic trigger. It’s controversial. NPR September 19, 2024.
509 COVID pandemic started in Wuhan market animals after all, suggests latest study. Nature News; 20 September 2024.
510 Was eine neue Studie über den Ursprung der Coronapandemie aussagt. Der Spiegel Wissenschaft; 19 September 2024.
511 New study reinforces theory Covid emerged at Chinese market. AFP; September 20, 2024.
512 Genetic tracing at the Huanan Seafood market further supports COVID animal origins. Scripps Research; September 19, 2024.
518 Kumar S, Tao Q, Weaver S, et al. An Evolutionary Portrait of the Progenitor SARS-CoV-2 and Its Dominant Offshoots in COVID-19 Pandemic. Mol Biol Evol. 2021;38(8):3046-3059. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab118
519 Caraballo-Ortiz MA, Miura S, Sanderford M, et al. TopHap: rapid inference of key phylogenetic structures from common haplotypes in large genome collections with limited diversity. Bioinformatics. 2022;38(10):2719-2726. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac186
520 Samson S, Lord É, Makarenkov V. Assessing the emergence time of SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic spillover. PLoS One. 2024;19(4):e0301195. Published 2024 Apr 4. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301195
523 Cao Y, Chen L, Chen H, et al. Was Wuhan the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic? – A critique. Natl Sci Rev. 2022;10(4):nwac287. Published 2022 Dec 22. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwac287
528 Een groot deel van het verhaal dat volgt is gebaseerd op persoonlijke gesprekken met The Engineer en op een zeer uitgebreid document waarin alle informatie over deze vroege gevallen is verzameld. Bij het verzamelen en ordenen heeft, naast The Engineer zelf, ook Gilles Demaneuf weer een grote rol gespeeld. Dit document is echter niet openbaar en niet alles wat erin staat mag gepubliceerd worden, omdat dit voor sommige mensen een risico zou kunnen vormen. Daarom ontbreken in een deel van dit verhaal de noten, omdat de informatie uit dat document afkomstig is.
530 Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(13):1199-1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
531 Idem.
532 Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China [published correction appears in Lancet. 2020 Jan 30;:]. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
533 Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China [published correction appears in Lancet. 2020 Jan 30;:]. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
544 Was the First Known COVID-19 Case a Wuhan Market Vendor? Jeremy R. Hammond’ April 3, 2023.
545 Exclusive | Genetic sequencing of the new coronavirus traces its origins: When did the alarm sound? Caixin Global; February 26, 2020.
546 Selected articles from “People”: Wuhan Doctor, whistler – Ai Fen. People Magazine; 14 March, 2020. Vertaling via Google Translate.
547 Ren LL, Wang YM, Wu ZQ, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020;133(9):1015-1024. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000722
548 Was the First Known COVID-19 Case a Wuhan Market Vendor? Jeremy R. Hammond’ April 3, 2023.
555 Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China [published correction appears in Nature. 2020 Apr;580(7803):E7]. Nature. 2020;579(7798):265-269. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3
556 Xin H, Li Y, Wu P, et al. Estimating the Latent Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis. 2022;74(9):1678-1681. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab746
557 Holmes EC, Goldstein SA, Rasmussen AL, et al. The origins of SARS-CoV-2: A critical review. Cell. 2021;184(19):4848-4856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.017
558 How It All Started: China’s Early Coronavirus Missteps. The Wall Street Journal; March 6, 2020.
559 Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(13):1199-1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
560 Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China [published correction appears in Lancet. 2020 Jan 30;:]. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
561 Pneumonia epidemic situation caused by new coronavirus infection on January 23. Office of Health Emergency, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China; 23 January 2020. https://dub.link/FYllgLB https://archive.vn/gkpzs
574 The “not infected” patrolman who lives in isolation at the South China Seafood Market reveals the characteristics of the first few people who were infected. Baidu News; 16 March 2020. https://archive.is/NRe08 https://archive.is/NRe08
577 How it all started: China’s Early Coronavirus Missteps. The Wall Street Journal; March 6, 2020.
578 Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(13):1199-1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
580 The Rashomon of the epidemic: the life of death moments of patients, doctors, and decision makers. China Philanthropist Magazine; February 2020. https://dub.link/W1RPLBe https://archive.is/Diij5
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