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5 Laboratory accidents and breaches in biosafety – they do occur! In Focus; Microbiology Australia, May 2008.
6 The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: a review of SARS Lab Escapes. Gilles Demaneuf; November 16, 2020.
7 Officials: Garbage bag likely cause of infection; Sun Journal; December 21, 2003.
8 SARS Strikes Another Scientist. Science News; 17 December 2003.
9 Pandora’s Gamble – Lab Leaks, Pandemics and a World at Risk. Alison Young. Center Street; April 25, 2023. Page 175.
10 Singapore man caught SARS in lab. New Scientist; September 23, 2003.
11 New cases in Singapore warn the world whether China’s SARS lab is safe. National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China; Oktober 13, 2003. https://dub.link/cg4xk1c
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15 My country’s inventory of SARS laboratory infections will be held legally responsible. Beijing Evening News; December 2019, 2003. https://dub.link/PXkXFT6
16 SARS virus leak investigation. Caijing Magazine; May 21, 2004. https://dub.link/cdhfq7i
17 The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: a review of SARS Lab Escapes. Gilles Demaneuf; November 16, 2020.
18 SARS outbreak contained worldwide. World Health Organization, 5 July 2003.
19 My country’s inventory of SARS laboratory infections will be held legally responsible. Beijing Evening News; December 2019, 2003. https://dub.link/T4BATOp
20 SARS virus leak investigation. Caijing Magazine; May 21, 2004. https://dub.link/7gnqtfd
21 Problems and Solutions in Chinese Academia. Tiany Forum; July 13, 2004. https://dub.link/sNXWl6l
22 Academician Hong Tao: Spend his life exploring the world of viruses. NetEase; May 18, 2020. https://dub.link/21cTHhk
23 SARS virus attacks China’s scientific research system. Sina News; June 11, 2003. https://dub.link/he6s2Ja
24 Interview | Hu Shuli: How was the SARS coronavirus discovered? https://bit.ly/2ItZPgH
25 SARS virus attacks China’s scientific research system. Sina News; June 11, 2003. https://dub.link/tluXylQ
26 Seventeen years after SARS, the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has been disgraced, and the ability to identify new viruses is the world’s first. https://bit.ly/38AvY0Q
27 De precieze details en data van de geschetste gebeurtenissen komen in de verschillende Chinese artikelen niet geheel met elkaar overeen. Ik heb het verhaal gevolgd zoals dat in het meest gedetailleerde artikel uit Sina News beschreven staat.
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30 SARS virus attacks China’s scientific research system. Sina News; June 11, 2003. https://dub.link/6mlPEMi
31 Hong T, Wang JW, Sun YL, et al. [Chlamydia-like and coronavirus-like agents found in dead cases of atypical pneumonia by electron microscopy]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2003 Apr;83(8):632-636. PMID: 12887816.
32 Update 31 – Coronavirus never before seen in humans is the cause of SARS. WHO, 16 April 2003. https://dub.link/ZuunVgZ
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34 The SARS virus leakage incident “CDC accountability incident” is further tracked. Sina News, July 8, 2004.
35 Caijing Magazine: SARS virus leak investigation. Sina News; May 21, 2004. https://dub.link/AcLVFS1
36 Follow up on the SARS accountability incident this spring: Who opened the box of SARS. Sina News; July 9, 2004. https://dub.link/0C3RfuS
37 Virus leaks: Who deserves to be on the dock? Sina News; July 12, 2004. https://dub.link/0C3RfuS
38 Caijing Magazine: SARS virus leak investigation. Sina News; May 21, 2004. https://dub.link/cpwMeY4
39 Interview with Li, the first SARS patient in Beijing this spring: I won’t be afraid of anything more. Qingdao New Newsletter; May 27, 2004.
40 Follow up on the SARS accountability incident this spring: Who opened the box of SARS. Sina News; July 9, 2004. https://dub.link/6AMqiiL
41 The Ministry of Health admits that the 2004 epidemic came from a laboratory. Kunlunce News; July 2, 2004. https://dub.link/OY2QvtV
42 Idem.
43 SARS virus leak investigation. Caijing Magazine, May 21, 2004. https://dub.link/0oPcRsx
44 Originating from laboratory infection – a review of the SARS epidemic in Beijing and Anhui this spring. Sohu News; 1 July 2004. https://dub.link/ZKPMHgb
45 China reports additional SARS cases update. WHO Disease Outbreak News; 23 April 2004.
46 Fleck F. SARS outbreak over, but concerns for lab safety remain. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82(6):470.
47 The Ministry of Health admits that the 2004 epidemic came from a laboratory. Kunlunce News; July 2, 2004. https://dub.link/2iz4uJ3
48 One more SARS case and death in Beijing and Anhui may have come from a laboratory. Consulate-General of the People’s Republic of China in Chicago; April 23, 2004. https://dub.link/MuzPOei
49 A SARS virus leak that was about to be forgotten 16 years ago. EMBA Professional Guide; October 24, 2020. https://bit.ly/38No982
50 Thinking: The SARS virus leak in 2004. https://bit.ly/36mIgal
51 Surveillance and control of infectious SARS epidemic in mainland China from January to mid-May 2004. Central State Agency Reporting Website; June 28, 2004. https://dub.link/rHAdbFn
52 China’s latest SARS outbreak has been contained, but biosafety concerns remain – Update 7. WHO Disease Outbreak News; May 18, 2004.
53 SARS virus leak investigation. Caijing Magazine, May 21, 2004. https://dub.link/AI9Puvz
54 Summary of China’s investigation into the April outbreak. WHO Press Release; July 2, 2004. https://dub.link/pR0qYSM
55 A SARS virus leak that was about to be forgotten 16 years ago. EMBA Professional Guide; October 24, 2020. https://bit.ly/38No982
56 Problems and Solutions in Chinese Academia. Yi Ming; Tianya Forum; July 13, 2004. https://dub.link/S9esJG2
57 WHO-convened global study of origins of SARS-CoV-2: China Part; Annexes. https://dub.link/rlq6UOb
58 “Medical Virus Atlas” officially published. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; June 7, 2016. https://dub.link/bCT89x9
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61 Rozo M, Gronvall GK. The Reemergent 1977 H1N1 Strain and the Gain-of-Function Debate. mBio. 2015;6(4):e01013-15. Published 2015 Aug 18. doi:10.1128/mBio.01013-15
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67 Rozo M, Gronvall GK. The Reemergent 1977 H1N1 Strain and the Gain-of-Function Debate. mBio. 2015;6(4):e01013-15. Published 2015 Aug 18. doi:10.1128/mBio.01013-15
68 Furmanski M. The 1977 H1N1 Influenza Virus Reemergence Demonstrated Gain-of-Function Hazards. mBio. 2015;6(5):e01434-15. Published 2015 Sep 29. doi:10.1128/mBio.01434-15
69 How smallpox claimed its final victim. BBC News; 10 august 2018.
70 Remembering Ali Maalin – The last man with smallpox was an advocate for polio eradication. Polio Global Eradication Initiative; September 16, 2018. https://dub.link/hOMqvT8
71 Smallpox is not dead. The New York Times, February 4, 1979.
72 How smallpox claimed its final victim. BBC news, August 10, 2018.
73 Smallpox is not dead. The New York Times, February 4, 1979.
74 Meselson M, Guillemin J, Hugh-Jones M, et al. The Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak of 1979. Science. 1994;266(5188):1202-1208. doi:10.1126/science.7973702
75 Types of Anthrax. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://dub.link/K31kCXs
76 Meselson M, Guillemin J, Hugh-Jones M, et al. The Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak of 1979. Science. 1994;266(5188):1202-1208. doi:10.1126/science.7973702
77 Defense Intelligence Agency, “Soviet biological warfare threat,” DST1610F-057-86 (U.S. Department of Defense, Washington, DC, 1986).
78 Keeping an Eye On Russia; The New York Times Magazine; November 29, 1981.
79 Arms Control Association – Fact Sheets & Briefs. https://dub.link/rP73mn8
80 Keeping an Eye On Russia; The New York Times Magazine; November 29, 1981.
81 Philip Towle (1982) The Soviet Union and the biological weapons convention, Arms Control, 3:3, 31-40, DOI: 10.1080/01440388208403755
82 Plague War – Interview Dr. Kanatjan Alibekov. PBS Frontline. https://dub.link/OsikVoX
83 Pike RM. Laboratory-associated infections: incidence, fatalities, causes, and prevention. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1979;33:41-66. doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.33.100179.000353
84 The Anthrax Letters That Terrorized a Nation Are Now Decontaminated and on Public View. Smithsonian Magazine; September 16, 2016.
85 The Anthrax Letters. Council on Foreign Relations; January 1, 2006.
86 Timeline: How the Anthrax Terror Unfolded. NPR; February 15, 2011.
87 New Evidence Adds Doubt to FBI’s Case Against Anthrax Suspect. ProPublica; October 10, 2011.
88 Did Bruce Ivins Hide Attack Anthrax From the FBI? ProPublica; October 10, 2011.
89 China’s quiet brucellosis outbreak sickens thousands in northwest. Caixin News; September 15, 2020. https://dub.link/MuZKrIm
90 Brucellosis Outbreak in China, 2019. Global Biosecurity; 12 May 2021.
91 Brucella-positive student at Lanzhou Veterinary Institute: Hope the cause will be found as soon as possible. Beijing News; December 7, 2019. https://dub.link/r86uCQK
92 Heilongjiang Health Commission: 13 students from Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute in Harbin were positive for brucellosis antibodies. Beijing News; December 10, 2019. https://dub.link/Nvbe2nU
93 Chinese institutes investigate pathogen outbreaks in lab workers. Nature News; 17 December 2019.
94 Pappas G. The Lanzhou Brucella Leak: The Largest Laboratory Accident in the History of Infectious Diseases? [published correction appears in Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Apr 3;76(7):1347]. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;75(10):1845-1847. doi:10.1093/cid/ciac463
95 China’s quiet brucellosis outbreak sickens thousands in northwest. Caixin News; September 15, 2020. https://dub.link/VJvdEUN
96 Pappas G. The Lanzhou Brucella Leak: The Largest Laboratory Accident in the History of Infectious Diseases? [published correction appears in Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Apr 3;76(7):1347]. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;75(10):1845-1847. doi:10.1093/cid/ciac463
97 China’s quiet brucellosis outbreak sickens thousands in northwest. Caixin News; September 15, 2020. https://dub.link/VJvdEUN
98 Senior Chinese scientist acquired SARS-CoV-2 in lab infection accident, virologist says. U.S. Right to Know; August 5, 2021.
99 https://dub.link/IvRCe7S; page 63.
100 Liu SL, Saif LJ, Weiss SR, Su L. No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):505-507. Published 2020 Feb 26. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440
101 Chinese-linked journal editor sought help to rebut Covid-19 lab origin hypothesis. U.S. Right to Know; April 7, 2021.
102 Emerging Microbes & Infections Editorial Board. https://dub.link/RbaX490
103 https://dub.link/egMRm7o; page 472.
104 Idem; page 470.
105 U.S. Right to Know – Saif OSU Batch: https://dub.link/stzH381; page 1.
106 U.S. Right to Know – Shan Lu Liu: https://dub.link/wFWwEeN; page 287.
107 Idem; page 327.
108 Idem; page 274.
109 Coutard B, Valle C, de Lamballerie X, Canard B, Seidah NG, Decroly E. The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade. Antiviral Res. 2020;176:104742. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104742.
110 U.S. Right to Know – Shan Lu Liu: https://dub.link/wFWwEeN; page 8.
111 E-mailwisseling tussen Susan Weiss en Liu Shan-Lu: https://dub.link/VmxD7vc
112 Biosafety and the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence and policy implications; 14 May 2024. https://dub.link/d0dOEyK
113 Zhengli Shi Edits to Widely-Cited EMI Commentary. U.S. Right to Know; September 28, 2021.
114 U.S. Right to Know – Shan Lu Liu: https://dub.link/wFWwEeN; page 481.
115 COVID Origins: Liu et al 2020 Retraction Request; June 2024. https://dub.link/QFrpOZc
116 Hao P, Zhong W, Song S, Fan S, Li X. Is SARS-CoV-2 originated from laboratory? A rebuttal to the claim of formation via laboratory recombination. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):545-547. Published 2020 Mar 8. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1738279
117 Xiao C, Li X, Liu S, Sang Y, Gao SJ, Gao F. HIV-1 did not contribute to the 2019-nCoV genome. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):378-381. Published 2020 Feb 14. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1727299
118 Taiwan’s science academy fined for biosafety lapses after lab worker contracts COVID-19. Science Insider, 24 January 2022.
119 The command center explains the progress of the investigation into Academia Sinica’s P3 Laboratory incident. Taiwan Centers for Disease Control; December 20, 2021.
120 The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: a review of SARS Lab Escapes. Gilles Demaneuf; November 16, 2020.
121 Could an accident have caused COVID-19? Why the Wuhan Lableak theory shouldn’t be dismissed. USA Today Opinion; March 22, 2021.
122 Inside America’s secretive biolabs. USA Today; May 15, 2015
123 Wiersinga WJ, Currie BJ, Peacock SJ. Melioidosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(11):1035-1044. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1204699
124 Sloppy lab practice cited in bioterror bacteria release. USA Today; March 13, 2015
125 Pentagon: Poor testing led to Army shipping live anthrax. USA Today; July 23, 2015
126 Army lab cited eight years ago for failing to properly kill anthrax samples; USA Today; June 12, 2015.
127 Army lab lacked effective anthrax-killing procedures for 10 years. USA Today; June 17, 2015.
128 Inside America’s secretive biolabs. USA Today; May 15, 2015
129 Blacksell SD, Dhawan S, Kusumoto M, et al. Laboratory-acquired infections and pathogen escapes worldwide between 2000 and 2021: a scoping review. Lancet Microbe. Published online December 8, 2023. doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00319-1
130 Man in Bilthovens laboratorium besmet met poliovirus. NOS Nieuws, 13 april 2017.
131 Hoe een poliovirus ontsnapte uit een lab in Bilthoven. De Volkskrant; 5 april 2019.
132 Fever: The Hunt for Covid’s Origin. Part 5: Labs, Safety, and Risk; 27 June 2023
133 Research with exotic viruses risks a deadly outbreak, scientists warn. The Washington Post; April 10, 2023.
134 Merler S, Ajelli M, Fumanelli L, Vespignani A. Containing the accidental laboratory escape of potential pandemic influenza viruses. BMC Med. 2013;11:252. Published 2013 Nov 28. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-252
135 Pandora’s Gamble – Lab Leaks, Pandemics and a World at Risk. Alison Young. Center Street; April 25, 2023.
136 Global Biolabs – Tracking Maximum Containment Labs Around the World. Global BioLabs Report 2023. https://dub.link/XgROiSe
137 BSL Laboratories in Wuhan and their roles in coronavirus research. Gilles Demaneuf; Medium; April 27, 2022.
138 Idem
139 China’s Role in the Chemical and Biological Disarmament Regimes. The Nonproliferation Review/ Spring 2002. https://dub.link/cOhq8qO
140 China’s State Key Laboratory System. A View into China’s Innovation System. Center for Security and Emerging Technology; June 2022.
141 Wuhan University – Basic School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Virology. https://dub.link/ric1tlJ
142 Luo F, Liao FL, Wang H, Tang HB, Yang ZQ, Hou W. Evaluation of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV Infection in Rhesus Macaques Immunized with an Inactivated SARS-CoV Vaccine. Virol Sin. 2018;33(2):201-204. doi:10.1007/s12250-018-0009-2
143 Zie voor de interactieve kaart van DRASTIC waarop alle locaties van de verschillende laboratoria terug te vinden zijn: https://bit.ly/WuhanMap
144 Wuhan BSL-4: Project Overview. Gilles Demaneuf; Medium; May 28, 2022.
145 BSL Laboratories in Wuhan and their roles in coronavirus research. Gilles Demaneuf; Medium; April 27, 2022.
146 Mérieux Foundation: Who we are. https://dub.link/jfyU8C0
147 Wuhan BSL-4: Engineering Review. Gilles Demaneuf. Medium; May 28, 2022.
148 BSL-4 laboratories in China: Kunming, Wuhan, Harbin. Gilles Demaneuf; April 27, 2022.
149 Zhiming Y. Current status and future challenges of high-level biosafety laboratories in China. J Biosaf Biosecur. 2019;1(2):123-127. doi:10.1016/j.jobb.2019.09.005
150 Coronavirus : le P4 de Wuhan en Chine, laboratoire au coeur du soupçon. Challenges, 23 Janvier 2020.
151 L’histoire secrète du laboratoire P4 de Wuhan vendu par la France à la Chine. Challenges; 30 Avril 2020.
152 Wuhan BSL-4: Project Overview. Gilles Demaneuf; Medium; May 28, 2022.
153 Un député s’interroge : « La Chine a-t-elle réussi à diminuer nos capacités militaires à cause ou grâce à un virus? Zone Militaire; 18 Avril 2020.
154 La folle histoire du laboratoire P4 de Wuhan. Mediapart, 28 Mai 2020.
155 Cyranoski, D. Inside the Chinese lab poised to study world’s most dangerous pathogens. Nature 542, 399–400 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2017.21487
156 Favry A, Si J. The Mérieux Chinese research network in Wuhan: the 4th chapter of a success story. Virol Sin. 2013;28(3):127-128. doi:10.1007/s12250-013-3346-1
157 L’histoire secrète du laboratoire P4 de Wuhan vendu par la France à la Chine. Challenges; 30 Avril 2020.
158 Idem.
159 La folle histoire du laboratoire P4 de Wuhan. Mediapart, 28 Mai 2020.
160 Coronavirus : la Chine face à l’hypothèse d’une fuite du virus d’un laboratoire. Le Journal du Dimanche; 19 Avril 2020.
161 L’histoire secrète du laboratoire P4 de Wuhan vendu par la France à la Chine. Challenges; 30 Avril 2020.
162 La folle histoire du laboratoire P4 de Wuhan. Mediapart, 28 Mai 2020.
163 Un député s’interroge : « La Chine a-t-elle réussi à diminuer nos capacités militaires à cause ou grâce à un virus? Zone Militaire; 18 Avril 2020.
164 L’histoire secrète du laboratoire P4 de Wuhan vendu par la France à la Chine. Challenges; 30 Avril 2020.
165 Secret Warnings About Wuhan Research Predated the Pandemic. Special Report – Vanity Fair; November 21, 2023.
166 Idem.
167 Secret Warnings About Wuhan Research Predated the Pandemic. Special Report – Vanity Fair; November 21, 2023.
168 Wuhan BSL-4: Engineering Review. Gilles Demaneuf. Medium; May 28, 2022.
169 Judicial Watch FOIA: https://dub.link/IW5NUQ9; page 5.
170 An Analysis of the Origins of the COVID-19 Pandemic – Interim Report. Senate Committee on Health Education, Labor and Pensions: Minority Oversight Staff: October 2022.
171 Idem.
172 Idem.
173 Idem.
174 Idem.
175 Idem.
176 Zhiming Y. Current status and future challenges of high-level biosafety laboratories in China. J Biosaf Biosecur. 2019;1(2):123-127. doi: 10.1016/j.jobb.2019.09.005
177 Development of biosafety equipment for high containment laboratory and for personal protection in China. Biosafety and Health; Volume 2, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 12-17, ISSN 2590-0536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsheal.2019.12.008
178 Did the SARS-CoV-2 virus arise from a bat coronavirus research program in a Chinese Laboratory? Very possible. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists; June 4, 2020.
179 Secret Warnings About Wuhan Research Predated the Pandemic. Special Report – Vanity Fair; November 21, 2023.
180 Canadian government scientist under investigation trained staff at Level 4 lab in China. CBC News; October 3, 2019.
181 Secret Warnings About Wuhan Research Predated the Pandemic. Special Report – Vanity Fair; November 21, 2023.
182 What is China’s Thousand Talents Plan? Hepeng Jia; Nature Jobs Career Guide | China, 2018.
183 China’s Biological Warfare Programma and the Curious Case of Dr. Xiangguo Qiu. CBS Magazine: Journal of Chemical and Biological Weapons; July-December 2019: Volume 12, issue 4.
184 China appoints ‘Terminator of Ebola’ in Wuhan – Major General Chen Wei, China’s foremost bio-warfare expert. Times Now News.com; February 18, 2020.
185 Covid 19: the Chinese Military and Maj Gen Chen Wei. Indian Defence Review; October 19, 2020.
186 Tang R, Zheng H, Wang BS, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of aerosolised Ad5-nCoV, intramuscular Ad5-nCoV, or inactivated COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac given as the second booster following three doses of CoronaVac: a multicentre, open-label, phase 4, randomised trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2023;11(7):613-623. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00049-8
187 Secret Warnings About Wuhan Research Predated the Pandemic. Special Report – Vanity Fair; November 21, 2023.
188 Trove of Winnipeg lab firing documents will face committee study. Global News; March 26, 2024.
189 Years after scientists fired from Winnipeg infectious disease lab, RCMP still investigating. National Post; March 08, 2023.
190 Does Canada’s arrest of its Chinese scientists have anything to do with China? Global Times; July 15, 2019.
191 Snake Oil: How Xi Jinping Shut Down the World. Michael P. Senger: Plenary Press; October 30, 2021.
192 BSL-4 laboratories in China: Kunming, Wuhan, Harbin. Gilles Demaneuf; April 27, 2022.
193 David R. Franz, D.V.M., Ph.D. https://dub.link/YtJBrZI
194 UTMB Health – Welcome to the Galveston National Lab. https://dub.link/5pSWZSe
195 UTMB Health – About the GNL. https://dub.link/bjZ2gQW
196 How Dick Cheney created Anthony Fauci. Unherd; August 29, 2022.
197 BSL-4 laboratories in China: Kunming, Wuhan, Harbin. Gilles Demaneuf; April 27, 2022.
198 Galveston bio lab explains connections to Wuhan. The Daily News – Galveston County; April 22, 2020.
199 UTMB – LeDuc- batch 1 e-mails. https://dub.link/1uUnX7k
200 Idem.
201 BSL-4 laboratories in China: Kunming, Wuhan, Harbin. A short description by the DRASTIC collective. Gilles Demaneuf; April 27, 2022. Judicial Watch FOIA; page 286.
202 Idem; page 184.
203 Global Health Security Agenda – A partnership against global health threats. https://dub.link/frv3Ulp
204 UTMB – LeDuc- batch 1 e-mail: https://dub.link/1uUnX7k; page 334
205 Idem; page 226
206 Idem; page 225
207 Idem; page 483
208 Idem; page 481
209 Idem; page 167
210 Idem; page 140
211 Idem; page 2020
212 Zhiming Y. Current status and future challenges of high-level biosafety laboratories in China. J Biosaf Biosecur. 2019;1(2):123-127. doi:10.1016/j.jobb.2019.09.005
213 UTMB – LeDuc- batch 1 e-mails: https://dub.link/1uUnX7k; page 1779
214 U.S.-China relationship, good news with the bad amid public health respons to new virus outbreak [Opinion] James Le Duc. Houston Chronicle; January 21, 2020.
215 Idem; page 487
216 Department of Education batch #8; U.S. Right to Know: https://dub.link/MUNbHWG; page 12.
217 Idem; page 11.
218 Idem; page 32
219 Idem; page 50.
220 Idem; page 48, 47.
221 Idem; page 209.
222 Menachery VD, Yount BL Jr, Debbink K, et al. A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence [published correction appears in Nat Med. 2016 Apr;22(4):446] [published correction appears in Nat Med. 2020 Jul;26(7):1146]. Nat Med. 2015;21(12):1508-1513. doi:10.1038/nm.3985
223 Department of Education batch #8; U.S. Right to Know: https://dub.link/MUNbHWG; page 74
224 Idem; page 138.
225 Idem; page 139.
226 E-mail Le Duc to Yuan Zhiming: https://dub.link/zvctF5a
227 Idem.
228 UTMB – LeDuc- batch 1 e-mails: https://dub.link/1uUnX7k; page 996.
229 The first documentary movie on CCP virus, Tracking Down the Origin of the Wuhan Coronavirus. NTD; 8 April 2020. https://dub.link/Ex9q0uA
230 Department of Education batch #8; U.S. Right to Know. https://dub.link/MUNbHWG; page 389.
231 Idem; page 857.
232 Idem; page 856
233 Le Duc JW, Yuan Z. Network for safe and secure labs. Science. 2018;362(6412):267. doi:10.1126/science.aav7120
234 UTMB – LeDuc- batch 1 e-mails: https://dub.link/1uUnX7k; page 147.
235 Eight Senators Call For Investigation Into Coronavirus Origins. Forbes; April 16, 2020.
236 State Department Cables warned of safety issues at Wuhan lab studying bat coronaviruses. The Washington Post; April 14, 2020.
237 Lt. Col. (res.) Dr. Dany Shoham. https://dub.link/WXDI3rE
238 China’s Biological Warfare Study with Special Reference to Biological Weapons Capabilities.’ Journal of Defence Studies, Vol. 9, No. 2, April–June 2015, pp. 131–156
239 Correspondence Le Duc – Shi Zhengli: https://dub.link/4ULhzhS; page 11.
240 Idem; page 10.
241 Idem; page 9.
242 Idem; page 14.
243 Lab accident is ‘most likely but least probed’ COVID origin, State Dept. memo says. U.S. Right to Know; March 28, 2022.
244 An Analysis of Circumstantial Evidence for Wuhan Labs as the Source of the Coronavirus. FL-2021-00033. https://dub.link/oxlNiDi
245 GOP Medical Witnesses: COVID-19 ‘Exactly What You’d Expect If You’d Gone Through Gain-Of-Function. Forbes Breaking News; 29 June 2021. https://dub.link/dEX7ckl
246 Australian scientist, the sole foreign researcher at the Wuhan Lab, speaks out. The Sydney Morning Hearald; June 28, 2021.
247 Interview: French biosecurity expert dismisses Wuhan “lab leak” theory. Xinhua News, August 4, 2021. https://dub.link/aiLESd8
248 Reverse Genetic System of Bat SARS-like Coronaviruses and Function of ORFX. Thesis by Lei-Ping Zeng. https://dub.link/QbKfRQp
249 Zeng LP, Gao YT, Ge XY, et al. Bat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Like Coronavirus WIV1 Encodes an Extra Accessory Protein, ORFX, Involved in Modulation of the Host Immune Response. J Virol. 2016;90(14):6573-6582. Published 2016 Jun 24. doi:10.1128/JVI.03079-1
250 Zhang W, Zheng XS, Agwanda B, et al. Serological evidence of MERS-CoV and HKU8-related CoV co-infection in Kenyan camels. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2019;8(1):1528-1534. doi:10.1080/22221751.2019.1679610
251 Wuhan lab denied BSL4 acces for SARS work without clear reasoning. U.S. Right to Know; February 28, 2023.
252 Diplomatic Cable Unclassified, American Embassy; 18 Beijing 138: China Opens First Bio Safety Level 4 Laboratory; January 19, 2018.
253 “Bat Hunter” Tian Junhua. Health Times; March 13, 2020. https://dub.link/kIJwfkr
254 Shi M, Lin XD, Tian JH, et al. Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere. Nature. 2016;540(7634):539-543. doi:10.1038/nature20167
255 The Possible Origins of 2019-nCoV coronavirus. Xiao Botao and Xiao Lei; February 1, 2020. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.23421.03047
256 Opinion: How did covid-19 begin? Its initial origin story is shaky. David Ignatus. The Washington Post; April 2, 2020
257 Youth in the Wilderness | Invisible Line of Defense. Dragon TV Global Crossover; 11 december 2019. https://dub.link/ePYRyDb
258 Emerging Pandemic Threats – USAID. https://dub.link/Lkl22NS
259 Parry J. WHO confirms avian flu outbreak in Hanoi. BMJ. 2004;328(7432):123. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7432.123-a
260 On the Front: A Pandemic Is Worrisome but Unlikely. The New York Times; March 28, 2006.
261 PREDICT 1 & PREDICT 2 Surveillance. https://dub.link/nhLUWPS
262 What We’ve Found – PREDICT – UC Davis One Health Institute. https://dub.link/ER0xdt2
263 TWiV 615: Peter Daszak of EcoHealth Alliance; 19 May 2020. https://dub.link/o2ZjwIL
264 This Shouldn’t Happen’: Inside the Virus-Hunting Nonprofit at the Center of the Lab-Leak Controversy. Vanity Fair; March 31, 2022.
265 Het Consortium for Conservation Medicine zou in 2010 met de Wildlife Trust opgaan in EcoHealth Alliance.
266 Li W, Shi Z, Yu M, et al. Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses. Science. 2005;310(5748):676-679. doi:10.1126/science.1118391
267 This Shouldn’t Happen’: Inside the Virus-Hunting Nonprofit at the Center of the Lab-Leak Controversy. Vanity Fair; March 31, 2022.
268 Reschenthaler Introduces Bill to Defund EcoHealth Alliance. Guy Reschenteller – Congressman, January 2023.
269 Scientists Were Hunting for the Next Ebola. Now the U.S. Has Cut Off Their Funding. The New York Times; October 25, 2019.
270 One Health – World Health Organization. https://dub.link/jkwUuxs
271 Understanding the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Emergence. Department Of Health and Human Services – National Institutes of Health. Grant Number 1R01AI110964-01; May 27, 2014. https://dub.link/RBxWPlv; page 187-188.
272 From Laos to Wuhan: WCW FOIA Investigation Sheds Light on Pandemic’s Origins. White Coat Waste Project; 07 December 2021. https://dub.link/7CoXhWO
In dit artikel wordt de correspondentie tussen enerzijds Peter Daszak en enkele andere medewerkers van EcoHealth Alliance en anderzijds functionarissen van het NIAID gedeeld. Die e-mailwisseling is via deze link in te zien: https://dub.link/hIajm7B
273 Gain-of-Function Communications between EcoHealth Alliance and NIAID: https://dub.link/QQsVGFg; page 378
274 Idem; page 374.
275 Idem; page 155.
276 Ge XY, Li JL, Yang XL, et al. Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. Nature. 2013;503(7477):535-538. doi:10.1038/nature12711
277 Menachery VD, Yount BL Jr, Debbink K, et al. A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence [published correction appears in Nat Med. 2016 Apr;22(4):446] [published correction appears in Nat Med. 2020 Jul;26(7):1146]. Nat Med. 2015;21(12):1508-1513. doi:10.1038/nm.3985
278 In Hoofdstuk 4 heb ik al uitgelegd dat in de formele notatie van een chimaera de ‘r’ voor de naam van het virus staat dat de backbone levert, en de ‘S’ achter het virus waarvan het spike-eiwit gebruikt werd. rMA15-WIV1S heeft dus de backbone van MA15 en het spike-eiwit van WIV1. In Hoofdstuk 4 heb ik deze notatie losgelaten omdat die op dat moment verwarrend was, maar hier heb ik deze voor de duidelijkheid wel aangehouden.
279 Menachery VD, Yount BL Jr, Sims AC, et al. SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(11):3048-3053. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517719113
280 Gain-of-Function Communications between EcoHealth Alliance and NIAID: https://dub.link/QQsVGFg; page 367.
281 Idem; page 354.
282 NIH Bat Coronavirus Grant Report Was Submitted More Than Two Years Late. The Intercept; October 1, 2021.
283 Understanding the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Emergence – Grant Notice. https://dub.link/N4MsHWB; page 271.
284 NIH Documents Provide New Evidence U.S. Funded Gain-of-Function Research in Wuhan. The Intercept; September 9, 2021.
285 Bat Research Group Failed to Submit Virus Studies Promptly, N.I.H. Says. New York Times; October 21, 2021. https://dub.link/lKWd9zk
286 Understanding the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Emergence – 4e en 5e-jaarsrapport: https://dub.link/7I0f3wV; page 32.
287 Emails Point to Oversight Problems With NIH Bat Coronavirus Grant. The Intercept; March 3, 2022.
288 Letter Peter Daszak to Lawrence Tabak; October 26, 2021. https://dub.link/ikJ9xlq
289 Understanding the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Emergence – Grant notice. https://dub.link/LwpYkJY; page 304
290 Emails Point to Oversight Problems With NIH Bat Coronavirus Grant. The Intercept; March 3, 2022.
291 NIH Officials Worked With Ecohealth Alliance to Evade Restrictions on Coronavirus Experiments. The Intercept; November 3, 2021.
292 ‘The National Institutes of Health and EcoHealth Alliance Did Not Effectively Monitor Awards and Subawards, Resulting in Missed Opportunities To Oversee Research and Other Deficiencies.’ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Office of Inspector General; January 25, 2023. https://dub.link/inM683M
293 NIH Bat Coronvirus Grant Report Was Submitted More Than Two Years Late. The Intercept; October 1, 2021.
294 EcoHealth Alliance Conducted Risky Experiments on MERS Virus in China. The Intercept; October 21, 2021.
295 Understanding the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Emergence – 5e-jaarsrapport. https://dub.link/qcT6UjS
296 Gain-of-Function Communications between EcoHealth Alliance and NIAID: https://dub.link/QQsVGFg; page 303
297 Understanding the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Emergence – 5e-jaarsrapport: https://dub.link/qcT6UjS; page 1.
298 Letter Peter Daszak to Lawrence Tabak; October 26, 2021. https://dub.link/KwhpTwH
299 Idem.
300 E&C Republicans to NIH: Turn Over Previously Requested Information Ahead of New Congress; November 30, 2022. https://dub.link/qTiMkQu; February 24, 2022. Letter to Lawrence A. Tabak.
301 Understanding the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Emergence – Grant Notice: https://dub.link/E6FUp7S; page 126.
302 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Michael Lauer; November 2, 2023. Page 16, 41.
303 REVEALED: U.S. government gave $3.7million grant to Wuhan lab at center of coronavirus leak scrutiny that was performing experiments on bats from the caves where the disease is believed to have originated. Mail Online, 12 April 2020.
304 Tabak – Collins – Fauci e-mails. https://dub.link/rvJIFEC
305 Een Type 1-aanvraag voor financiering gaat primair om de indiening van een nieuw project dat moet concurreren met andere aanvragen. Een Type 2-aanvraag is een verzoek tot verlenging van het project.
306 4/17/20: Members of the Coronavirus Task Force Hold a Press Briefing. https://dub.link/VFbIRHU
307 Dr. Fauci throws cold water on conspiracy theory that coronavirus was created in a Chinese lab. Business Insider USA, 18 April 2020.
308 Partial transcript of email exchanges in which NIH cuts off grant funding to EcoHealth Alliance. https://dub.link/K2OOL9s
309 Emails Point to Oversight Problems with NIH Bat Coronavirus Grant. The Intercept; March 3, 2022.
310 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Michael Lauer; November 2, 2023. Page 48.
311 Pages from NIH FOIA 185: https://dub.link/3XlBibj
312 FBI Sought Documents Related to U.S.-Funded Coronavirus Research in China. The Intercept; January 20, 2022.
313 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Michael Lauer; November 2, 2023. Page 50-52.
314 Pages from NIH FOIA 102-105: https://dub.link/tdvUmB1
315 Statement on the Latest Development Regarding EcoHealth Alliance’s Coronavirus Research Funding. Eco Health Alliance. EcoHealth Alliance; August 2020.
316 ‘Heinous’: Coronavirus researcher shut down for Wuhan-lab link slams new funding restrictions. Nature News; 21 August 2020.
317 Peter Daszak on Twitter; August 20, 2020. https://dub.link/leYkD2C
318 NIH’s axing of bat coronavirus grant a ‘horrible precedent’ and might break rules, critics say. Science News; 30 April 2020.
319 NIH reinstates grant for controversial coronavirus research. Nature News, 8 May 2023.
320 Appendix D Biographical Sketches of Committee and Staff. Integreting Clinical Research into Epidemic Response: The Ebola Experience. National Library of Science. https://dub.link/IeEhtZz
321 James Tobias NIH FOIA – 60136: https://dub.link/VwHxOff; page 5.
322 77 US Nobel Laureates in Science. https://dub.link/CwBnGvu
323 NIH Presses U.S. Nonprofit for Information on Wuhan Virology Lab. The Wall Street Journal; August 19, 2020.
324 James Tobias NIH FOIA – 60136: https://dub.link/VwHxOff; page 240
325 How Fauci’s inner circle shielded the Wuhan Institute of Virology’s U.S. collaborator. U.S. Right to Know; September 25, 2024.
326 A Proposed Origin for SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 Pandemic. Independent Science News for Food and Agriculture; July 15, 2020.
327 Letter ASBMS to Francis Collins; May 20, 2020. https://dub.link/98qF4YR
328 Advisory Committee to the Director. National Institutes of Health. https://dub.link/1MkuC0r
329 James Tobias NIH FOIA – 60136: https://dub.link/VwHxOff; page 68.
330 U.S. Right to Know – Between glasses: https://dub.link/BljCvnd
331 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Erik Stemmy; November 13, 2023; page 25/26.
332 Idem; page 27.
333 U.S. Right to Know – Weekly Investigators Meeting – 1: https://dub.link/bxe1u6E
334 U.S. Right to Know – Weekly Investigators Meeting – 2: https://dub.link/tfsYGnD
335 U.S. Right to Know – Erbelding & Stemmy Support EHA: https://dub.link/ErKW5c0
336 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Emily Erbelding; November 28, 2023; page 28.
337 Idem; page 35-37
338 Underlying Documents Morens: https://dub.link/dzymQ5k; page 64.
339 NIAID Establishes Centers for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases; August 27, 2020. https://dub.link/PrudUrs
340 How Fauci’s inner circle shielded the Wuhan Institute of Virology’s U.S. collaborator. U.S. Right to Know; September 25, 2024.
341 Emerging Infectious Diseases – South East Asia Research Collaboration Hub. https://dub.link/WEEeW1d
342 NIH RePORT: Study of Nipah virus dynamics and genetics in its bat reservoir and of human exposure to NiV across Bangladesh to understand patterns of human outbreaks. https://dub.link/ByIIACv
343 NIH RePORT: Analyzing the potential for future bat coronavirus emergence in Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. https://dub.link/g4QpPBl
344 James Tobias NIH FOIA – 60136: https://dub.link/VwHxOff; page 234.
345 Underlying Documents Morens: https://dub.link/dzymQ5k; page 64.
346 Latinne, A., Hu, B., Olival, K.J. et al. Origin and cross-species transmission of bat coronaviruses in China. Nat Commun 11, 4235 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17687-3
347 Letter to NIH Acting Director Lawrence Tabak: https://dub.link/5qmfJia
348 James Tobias NIH FOIA – 60136: https://dub.link/VwHxOff; page 176.
349 Pages from NIH FOIA 102-105: https://dub.link/tdvUmB1
350 E-mail Peter Daszak to Michael Lauer; March 4, 2021. Pages from NIH FOIA 21-27: https://dub.link/84SnSnO; page 1.
351 Idem; page 11.
352 Pages from NIH FOIA 21-27: https://dub.link/84SnSnO; page 15.
353 Intercept FOIA Request – Batch 1: https://dub.link/hSeBtd9; page 139.
354 Pages from NIH FOIA 21-27: https://dub.link/84SnSnO; page 8.
355 NIH discussion of EcoHealth failure to report possible gain-of-function, May 2021: https://dub.link/dsWEMLI; page 1.
356 Idem; page 6.
357 In Major Shift, NIH Admits Funding Risky Virus Research in Wuhan. Vanity Fair; October 22, 2021.
358 EcoHealth Alliance Conducted Risky Experiments on MERS Virus in China. The Intercept; October 21, 2021.
359 Understanding the Emergence of Bat Coronavirus Emergence – Grant Notice. https://dub.link/E6FUp7S; page 16.
360 Was NIH-funded work on MERS virus in China too risky? Science examines the controversy. Science Insider, 27 October 2021.
361 FBI Sought Documents Related to U.S.-Funded Coronavirus Research in China. The Intercept; January 20, 2022.
362 The COVID-19 Origins Investigation. House Energy and Commerce Committee; March 18, 2021. https://dub.link/e25lQ60
363 E&C Republicans to NIH: Turn Over Previously Requested Information Ahead of New Congress. Committee on Energy & Commerce – Chair Rogers; November 30, 2022. https://dub.link/aPQbBrE
364 James Tobias versus HHS: https://dub.link/0lW55xR; page 185.
365 Idem; page 189.
366 Intercept FOIA Request – Batch 1: https://dub.link/hSeBtd9; page 288.
367 Idem; page 262.
368 Intercept FOIA Request – Batch 1: https://dub.link/hSeBtd9; page 156.
369 Idem; page 1.
370 Emails Point to Oversight Problems with NIH Bat Coronavirus Grant. The Intercept; March 3, 2022.
371 Understanding Risk of Zoonotic Virus in EID Hotspots of Southeast Asia. NIAID Award Number: U01AI151797
372 Study of Nipah Virus Dynamics and Genetics in its Bat Reservoir and of Human Exposure to NIV Across Bangladesh to Understand Patters of Human Outbreaks. NIAID Award Number: U01AI153420
373 Letter Michael S. Lauer (NIH) to EcoHealht Alliance; January 6, 2022.https://dub.link/hLhmPAx
374 Oversight Committee on Oversight and Accountability on Twitter; January 11, 2022. Letter Michael Lauer to Aleksei Chmura and Peter Daszak. https://dub.link/epsmwFT
375 E&C Republicans to NIH: Turn Over Previously Requested Information Ahead of New Congress; November 30, 2022. https://dub.link/aPQbBrE; February 24, 2022. Letter to Lawrence A. Tabak.
376 USAID From the American People – PREDICT China – One Health in action (2009-2020). https://dub.link/ACcMuyY
377 Investigation: U.S. company bungled Ebola response. CBS News; March 7, 2016.
378 Did West Africa’s Ebola Outbreak of 2014 Have a Lab Origin. Independent Science News; October 24, 2022.
379 EcoHealth Alliance wanted to block disclosure of Covid-19-relevant data from China. U.S. Right to Know; January 10, 2022.
380 U.S. Righ to Know – China GenBank Sequences: https://dub.link/KbT9lVz
381 EcoHealth Alliance wanted to block disclosure of Covid-19-relevant data from China. U.S. Right to Know; January 10, 2022.
382 Peter Daszak Answers Critics and Defends Coronavirus Research. The Intercept; March 11, 2022.
383 Latinne, A., Hu, B., Olival, K.J. et al. Origin and cross-species transmission of bat coronaviruses in China. Nat Commun 11, 4235 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17687-3
384 Guo H, Hu B, Si HR, et al. Identification of a novel lineage bat SARS-related coronaviruses that use bat ACE2 receptor. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2021;10(1):1507-1514. doi:10.1080/22221751.2021.1956373
385 Francisco de Asis on Twitter; October 12, 2021. https://dub.link/ZOhhTsa
386 U.S. Right to Know – Latinne et al. https://dub.link/zIzsrrB; page 4.
387 U.S. Right to Know – Saif Liu Su Correspondence: https://dub.link/LpzxryT; page 504/505.
388 Origin and cross-species transmission of bat coronaviruses in China. Alice Latinne, Ben Hu, Kevin J. Olival, Guangjian Zhu, Libiao Zhang, Hongying Li, Aleksei A. Chmura, Hume E. Field, Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio, Jonathan H. Epstein, Bei Li, Wei Zhang, Lin-Fa Wang, Zheng-Li Shi, Peter Daszak. bioRxiv 2020.05.31.116061; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.116061
389 Francisco A. de Ribera on Twitter; January 13, 2023. https://dub.link/Mjm62xY
390 Trump Officials Are Said to Press Spies to Link Virus and Wuhan Labs. New York Times; April 30, 2020.
391 FBI Sought Documents Related to U.S.-Funded Coronavirus Research in China. The Intercept; January 20, 2022.
392 FBI Director Says Covid Pandemic Likely Caused by Chinese Lab Leak. The Wall Street Journal; February 28, 2023.
393 Updated Assessment on COVID-19 Origins. Office of the Director of National Intelligence – National Intelligence Council; August 27,l 2021. https://dub.link/UjmUMLd
394 Lab Leak Most Likely Origin of Covid-19 Pandemic, Energy Department Now Says. The Wall Street Journal; February 26, 2023.
395 Trump cuts U.S. research on bat-human virus transmission over China ties. Politico; April 27, 2020.
396 Near Misses at UNC Chapel Hill’s High-Security Lab Illustrate Risk of Accidents With Coronaviruses. ProPublica; August 17, 2020.
397 Idem.
398 Pages from FOIA NIH 153-160. https://dub.link/Bcg2vzy
399 ‘The National Institutes of Health and EcoHealth Alliance Did Not Effectively Monitor Awards and Subawards, Resulting in Missed Opportunities To Oversee Research and Other Deficiencies.’ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Office of Inspector General; January 25, 2023. https://dub.link/a0s3fQt
400 Federal watchdog finds problems with NIH oversight of grant funding bat virus research in China. Science News, 25 January 2023.
401 NIH Urged to Consider Banning Wuhan Institute of Virology From Future Grants. The Intercept; January 26, 2023.
402 All Information (Except Text) for S.84 – Defund EcoHealth Alliance Act. 118th Congress (2023-2024). Introduced 01/25/2023.
403 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Michael Lauer; November 2, 2023. Page 92.
404 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Lawrence Tabak; January 5, 2024. Page 121.
405 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Emily Erbelding; November 28, 2023. Page 58-63.
406 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Hugh Auchincloss; December 20, 2023. Page 164/165.
407 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Emily Erbelding; November 28, 2023. Page 58-63.
408 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 263.
409 NIH reinstates grant for controversial coronavirus research. Nature News, 8 May 2023.
410 EcoHealth Alliance Receives NIH Renewal Grant for Collaborative Research to Understand the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Spillover Emergence. EcoHealth Alliance; May 8, 2023.
411 NIH restarts bat virus grant suspended 3 years ago by Trump. Science Insider, 8 May 2023.
412 Griffith Statement on the NIH Resuming Grant Funding for EcoHealth Alliance. Morgan Griffith – Representing Virginia’s 9th District. https://dub.link/bVATAVd
413 Explainer: Why the U.S. has banned funding for Chinese lab at center of pandemic origin dispute. Science Insider
414 US Suspends Wuhan Institute Funds Over Covid Stonewalling. Bloomberg; July 18, 2023.
415 Biden Administration Moves to Ban Funding for Wuhan Lab. The New York Times; July 18, 2023.
416 US ends funding for China’s Wuhan Institute of Virology. BMJ 2023; 382: p1701
417 Details revealed on NIH probe of foreign ties. Science; 5 July 2019.
418 James Tobias NIH FOIA – 60136: https://dub.link/VwHxOff; page 276.
419 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) – Going to the Source to Prevent Viral Disease Outbreaks. January 4, 2018. https://dub.link/yhPhbxt
420 DEFUSE – Main Document: https://dub.link/rFJmcuF
421 DEFUSE – Budget: https://dub.link/0kvk5B1
422 DEFUSE – Letter DARPA: https://dub.link/8N4xfef
423 DEFUSE – Executive Summary: https://dub.link/Pa0w09l
424 Military Documents About Gain of Function Contradict Fauci Testimony under Oath. Project Veritas; January 10, 2022. De link bleek bij de laatste controle niet meer te werken. De webpagina is nog wel terug te vinden, maar de video is niet beschikbaar. Dit is de link naar het rapport van Joseph Murphy zelf. https://dub.link/siC53zO
425 Project Veritas and the Line Between Journalism and Political Spying. New York Times; November 11, 2021.
426 Leaked Grant Proposal Details High-Risk Coronavirus Research. The Intercept; September 23, 2021.
427 Peter Daszak on Twitter; September 18, 2021. https://dub.link/BhHcVtj
428 Persoonlijke mededeling Charles Rixey; donderdag 15 maart 2024.
429 In de ‘executive summary’ wordt WIV1 genoemd, maar onder het subkopje ‘SARSr-CoV QS detection, sequencing, and recovery’ staat ook WIV16 als backbone genoemd.
430 Zhang J, Xiao T, Cai Y, Chen B. Structure of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Curr Opin Virol. 2021;50:173-182. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2021.08.010
431 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 199.
432 Li X, Giorgi EE, Marichannegowda MH, et al. Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 through recombination and strong purifying selection. Sci Adv. 2020;6(27):eabb9153. Published 2020 Jul 1. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb9153
433 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 156.
434 “This Shouldn’t Happen”: Inside the Virus-Hunting Nonprofit at the Center of the Lab-Leak Controversy. Vanity Fair; March 31, 2022.
435 Idem.
436 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Solicitation Number: HR001118S0017. https://dub.link/m9Pmqua
437 Dual-Use Research. National Institutes of Health – Office of Intramural Research. https://dub.link/OP7O9DB
438 Peter Daszak Answers Critics and Defends Coronavirus Research. The Intercept; March 11, 2022.
439 Idem.
440 “This Shouldn’t Happen”: Inside the Virus-Hunting Nonprofit at the Center of the Lab-Leak Controversy. Vanity Fair; March 31, 2022.
441 Idem.
442 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Walter Ian Lipkin; Thursday, April 6, 2023. Page 72.
443 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 199. Page 164/165.
444 Alex Washburne, PhD – Models, Microbes and Mountains. https://dub.link/OEQorJ7
445 Endonuclease fingerprint indicates a synthetic origin of SARS-CoV-2. Valentin Bruttel, Alex Washburne, Antonius VanDongen. bioRxiv 2022.10.18.512756; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.18.512756
446 Scientists dispute a suggestion that SARS-CoV-2 was engineered – Science and technology. The Economist; October 27, 2022.
447 Crits-Christoph et al. (2023). Genetic evidence of susceptible wildlife in SARS-CoV-2 positive samples at the Huanan Wholesale Seafood Market, Wuhan: Analysis and interpretation of data released by the Chinese Center for Disease Control. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7754299
448 Open Letter to the world – A follow-up on our analysis of the anomalous restriction map of SARS-CoV-2. A Biologist’s Guide to Life; October 24, 2022.
449 A synthetic origin of SARS-CoV-2 – What we know, and what we don’t. A Biologist’s Guide to Life; October 20, 2022.
450 The synthetic origin theory of SARS-CoV-2. A Biologist’s Guide of Life; October 27, 2022.
451 The synthetic origin theory of SARS-CoV-2. A Biologist’s Guide of Life; October 27, 2022.
452 Om de relatie tussen het aantal fragmenten en de lengte van het langste fragment te bepalen, gebruikte het drietal alle 214 restrictie-enzymen die verkocht worden door het bedrijf ‘New England Biosciences’. Die verdeling is te zien in figuur 4C. Als het drietal zich beperkt tot alleen de type IIS-restrictie-enzymen is het contrast met SARS-CoV-2 nog groter.
453 A synthetic origin of SARS-CoV-2 – What we know, and what we don’t. A Biologist’s Guide to Life; October 20, 2022.
454 The synthetic origin theory of SARS-CoV-2. A Biologist’s Guide of Life; October 27, 2022.
455 Zeng LP, Gao YT, Ge XY, et al. Bat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Like Coronavirus WIV1 Encodes an Extra Accessory Protein, ORFX, Involved in Modulation of the Host Immune Response. J Virol. 2016;90(14):6573-6582. Published 2016 Jun 24. doi:10.1128/JVI.03079-15
456 Wu F. Updated analysis to reject the laboratory-engineering hypothesis of SARS-CoV-2. Environ Res. 2023 May 1;224:115481. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115481. Epub 2023 Feb 18. PMID: 36804316; PMCID: PMC9937728.
457 Guy Gadboit on X; April 23, 2024. https://dub.link/kHXYx8T
458 Guy Gadboit on X; April 24, 2024. https://dub.link/8YpST4z
459 Libertarion_Virologist on Twitter; April 25, 2024. https://dub.link/2DJekdy
460 Steven Massey on Twitter; October 32, 2022. https://dub.link/wA0NZNP
461 Baric RS. 2006. Synthetic Viral Genomics. In: Working Papers for Synthetic Genomics: Risks and Benefits for Science and Society, pp. 35-81. Garfinkel MS, Endy D, Epstein GL, Friedman RM, editors. 2007.
462 Cockrell AS, Beall A, Yount B, Baric R. Efficient Reverse Genetic Systems for Rapid Genetic Manipulation of Emergent and Preemergent Infectious Coronaviruses. Methods Mol Biol. 2017; 1602: 59-81. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6964-7_5
463 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 24.
464 Idem; page 116.
465 Hou YJ, Okuda K, Edwards CE, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract. Cell. 2020;182(2):429-446.e14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.042
466 Xie X, Muruato A, Lokugamage KG, et al. An Infectious cDNA Clone of SARS-CoV-2. Cell Host Microbe. 2020;27(5):841-848.e3. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.004
467 Libertarian_Virologist on X; February 6, 2024. https://dub.link/KW7S5LB
468 Menachery VD, Yount BL Jr, Sims AC, et al. SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(11):3048-3053. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517719113
469 Zeng LP, Gao YT, Ge XY, et al. Bat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Like Coronavirus WIV1 Encodes an Extra Accessory Protein, ORFX, Involved in Modulation of the Host Immune Response. J Virol. 2016;90(14):6573-6582. Published 2016 Jun 24. doi:10.1128/JVI.03079-15
470 A deep dive on Type IIs Restriction enzymes. Anandamide (Kevin McKernan). Nepetalactone Newsletter Substack; October 21, 2022.
471 Steven Quay on X; May 4, 2024. https://dub.link/1wd6L1T
472 A deep dive on Type IIs Restriction enzymes. Anandamide (Kevin McKernan). Nepetalactone Newsletter Substack; October 21, 2022.
473 Medicinal Genomics. Kevin McKernan; CSO & Founder. https://dub.link/o0vGfmP
474 Vu MN, Lokugamage KG, Plante JA, et al. QTQTN motif upstream of the furin-cleavage site plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022;119(32):e2205690119. doi:10.1073/pnas.2205690119
475 Feitelijk is niet de hele furine-klievingsplaats aanwezig in de module met daarin het QTQTN-motief en de FKP. De laatste R (arginine) van de sequentie PRRAR ontbreekt. Dat maakt voor de conclusie niets uit: deze R is geconserveerd in veel coronavirussen, en is ook in RaTG13 en alle BANAL-coronavirussen aanwezig op die plaats. Er bestaat dus geen noodzaak om die R in te bouwen in de module. https://dub.link/vsdSNnw
476 A deep dive on Type IIs Restriction enzymes. Anandamide (Kevin McKernan). Nepetalactone Newsletter Substack; October 21, 2022.
477 American scientists misled Pentagon on research at the Wuhan Institute of Virology. U.S. Right to Know; December 18, 2023.
478 U.S. Right to Know. DEFUSE – Combined Records: https://dub.link/Z9Yjiim; page 129.
479 Idem; page 470.
480 Idem; page 135.
481 Idem; page 166.
482 “We never created a supervirus.” Ralph Baric explains gain-of-function research. MIT Technology Review; July 26, 2021.
483 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; Page 20 and 93.
484 Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 6th Edition. Revised 2020.
485 An Evaluation of the Evidence Surrounding EcoHealth Alliance, Inc.’s Research Activities. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic – Committee on Oversight and Accountability; May 1, 2024. https://dub.link/KkzPKCW
486 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 186
487 Ralph Baric Statement To The Fact Checker. https://dub.link/mlLsPWQ
488 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 43
489 U.S. Right to Know. DEFUSE – Combined Records: https://dub.link/Z9Yjiim; page 672.
490 Steven Massey on X; January 25, 2024. https://dub.link/NxgCyCg
491 Hu B, Zeng LP, Yang XL, et al. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13(11):e1006698. Published 2017 Nov 30. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698
492 Steven Massey on X; Februari 21, 2023. https://dub.link/r0bMoz4
493 Adrian Jones, Daoyu Zhang, Steven E. Massey, Yuri Deigin, Louis R. Nemzer, Steven C. Quay. Discovery of a Novel Merbecovirus DNA Clone Contaminating Agricultural Rice Sequencing Datasets from Wuhan, China. Journal of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology. 7 (2024): 139-156.
494 Dr. Paul sends letters to fifteen Federal Agencies after discovering their knowledge of Risky DEFUSE project. Homeland Security Governmental Affairs; April 9, 2024. https://dub.link/MFmj9Iv
495 The Lab-Leak Theory: Inside the Fight to Uncover COVID-19’s Origins. Vanity Fair; June 3, 2021.
496 Anand P, Puranik A, Aravamudan M, Venkatakrishnan AJ, Soundararajan V. SARS-CoV-2 strategically mimics proteolytic activation of human ENaC. Elife. 2020 May 26;9:e58603. doi: 10.7554/eLife.58603. PMID: 32452762; PMCID: PMC7343387.
497 Harrison NL, Sachs JD. A call for an independent inquiry into the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022;119(21):e2202769119. doi:10.1073/pnas.2202769119
498 García-Caballero A, Dang Y, He H, Stutts MJ. ENaC proteolytic regulation by channel-activating protease 2. J Gen Physiol. 2008;132(5):521-535. doi:10.1085/jgp.200810030
499 Kota P, Gentzsch M, Dang YL, Boucher RC, Stutts MJ. The N terminus of α-ENaC mediates ENaC cleavage and activation by furin. J Gen Physiol. 2018;150(8):1179-1187. doi:10.1085/jgp.201711860
500 Dog’s Breakfast on Twitter; September 25, 2022. https://dub.link/vJVnUOw
501 Licitra BN, Millet JK, Regan AD, Hamilton BS, Rinaldi VD, Duhamel GE, Whittaker GR. Mutation in spike protein cleavage site and pathogenesis of feline coronavirus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 Jul;19(7):1066-73. doi: 10.3201/eid1907.121094. PMID: 23763835; PMCID: PMC3713968.
502 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 193.
503 Wan Y, Shang J, Sun S, Tai W, Chen J, Geng Q, He L, Chen Y, Wu J, Shi Z, Zhou Y, Du L, Li F. Molecular Mechanism for Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Coronavirus Entry. J Virol. 2020 Feb 14;94(5):e02015-19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02015-19. PMID: 31826992; PMCID: PMC7022351.
504 Pre-pandemic artificial MERS analog of polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 furin cleavage site domain is unique among betacoronaviruses. Lisewski, Andreas Martin. https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.7469970
505 Sattar S, Kabat J, Jerome K, Feldmann F, Bailey K and Mehedi M (2023) Nuclear translocation of spike mRNA and protein is a novel feature of SARS-CoV-2. Front. Microbiol. 14:1073789. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1073789
506 Li K, Wohlford-Lenane CL, Channappanavar R, et al. Mouse-adapted MERS coronavirus causes lethal lung disease in human DPP4 knockin mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(15):E3119-E3128. doi:10.1073/pnas.1619109114
507 Li Kun – Project Scientist-Director of High Containment Core at Florida Research and Innovation Center (FRIC)-Cleveland Clinic. https://dub.link/Y7YPYmA
508 Origin of SARS-CoV-2: The search continues. Le Monde; December 28, 2022.
509 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023.
510 @COVIDSelect on X; November 15, 2023. https://dub.link/LjSQlka
511 FBI Sought Documents Related to U.S.-Funded Coronavirus Research in China. The Intercept; January 20, 2022.
512 Pages from NIH FOIA 21-27: https://dub.link/84SnSnO
513 Andrew G. Huff on Twitter; January 13, 2022. https://dub.link/atgxMgj
514 The Truth About Wuhan – How I Discovered the Biggest Lie in History. Dr. Andrew G. Huff. Skyhorse Publishers; December 6, 2022. Page 192.
515 Was Peter Daszak Working For The Central Intelligence Agency? Kanekoa News; January 2019, 2022.
516 ‘Cuban Twitter’ and Other Times USAID Pretended To Be an Intelligence Agency. Foreign Policy; April 3, 2014.
517 The Truth About Wuhan – How I Discovered the Biggest Lie in History. Dr. Andrew G. Huff. Skyhorse Publishers; December 6, 2022.
518 Sandia National Laboratories. https://dub.link/u6ZLbHU
519 Huff AG, Allen T, Whiting K, et al. Biosurveillance: a systematic review of global infectious disease surveillance systems from 1900 to 2016. Rev Sci Tech. 2017;36(2):513-524. doi:10.20506/rst.36.2.2670
520 Huff AG, Breit N, Allen T, Whiting K, Kiley C. Evaluation and Verification of the Global Rapid Identification of Threats System for Infectious Diseases in Textual Data Sources. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2016;2016:5080746. doi:10.1155/2016/5080746
521 Huff AG, Breit N, Allen T, Whiting K, Kiley C. Evaluation and Verification of the Global Rapid Identification of Threats System for Infectious Diseases in Textual Data Sources. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2016;2016:5080746. doi:10.1155/2016/5080746
522 Zika virus: Texas and Florida airports at highest risk to receive infected travelers. The Guardian; 5 February 2016.
523 The Truth About Wuhan – How I Discovered the Biggest Lie in History. Dr. Andrew G. Huff. Skyhorse Publishers; December 6, 2022. Page 252.
524 Confidential Documents reveal Moderna sent mRNA Coronavirus Vaccine Candidate to University Researchers weeks before emergence of Covid-19. The Exposé; June 18, 2021.
525 NIH Moderna Confidential Agreemens: https://dub.link/yNZRiQe; page 105.
526 U.S. Right to Know. NIH FOIA Mensendiek: https://dub.link/TNo7cZ6; page 40.
527 Idem; page 39
528 Testimony From CIA Whistleblower Alleges New Information on COVID-19 Origins. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; September 12, 2023.
529 Wenstrup Reveals New Allegations that Dr. Fauci Potentially Influenced CIA COVID-19 Origins Investigations. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; September 26, 2023.
530 “This Shouldn’t Happen”: Inside the Virus-Hunting Nonprofit at the Center of the Lab-Leak Controversy. Vanity Fair; March 31, 2022.
531 Louisiana, Missouri Relase Full Fauci Deposition Transcript. Office of Attorney General Jeff Landry, 23 November 2022. WAFB Staff; December 5, 2022. Page 20.
532 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023; page 36.
533 Fauci was told of NIH ties to Wuhan lab’s novel coronaviruses by January 2020. U.S. Right to Know; September 5, 2023.
534 Wenstrup Releases Statement Following Day 1 of Dr. Fauci’s Testimony. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; January 8, 2024.
535 Wenstrup Releases Statement Following Dr. Fauci’s Two Day Testimony. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; January 10, 2024.
536 Dr. Anthony Fauci testifies before House Subcommittee on Covid-19 pandemic; June 3, 2024. https://dub.link/QPI8r3B
537 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Anthony S. Fauci; Part 1: January 8, 2024; page 164.
538 Dr. Anthony Fauci testifies before House Subcommittee on Covid-19 pandemic; June 3, 2024. https://dub.link/LFwO3OE
539 Letter Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic to David Morens, M.D. https://dub.link/BCFgvc4
540 Top NIH Official Advised COVID-scientists That He Uses Personal Email to Evade FOIA. The Intercept; June 29, 2023.
541 David Morens NIH Emails Redacted: https://dub.link/MY7IcNJ; page 1.
542 Idem; page 21.
543 Idem; page 36.
544 Idem; page 13.
545 Letter Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic to David Morens, M.D.; June 29, 2023. https://dub.link/4cRO7rw
546 Bij de verhoren zijn regelmatig ook officials van de Energy and Commerce Committee, Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee aanwezig. Voor het gemak duid ik ook die aan als de ‘Subcommittee’.
547 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: David Morens, M.D.; December 29, 2023.
548 Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic on X; May 1, 2024. https://dub.link/ahbe9I0 Hier zijn de verhoren van de belangrijke hoofdrolspelers in dit verhaal terug te vinden: Lawrence Tabak, Michael Lauer, David Morens, Emily Erbelding, Erik Stemmy, Peter Daszak en Ralph Baric.
549 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: David Morens, M.D.; January 18, 2024; page 26/27 & 126.
550 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: David Morens, M.D.; January 18, 2024; page 48
551 Idem; page 52.
552 Idem; page 72.
553 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: David Morens, M.D.; January 18, 2024; page 77/78.
554 Idem; page 88.
555 Idem; page 92.
556 Idem; page163.
557 Idem; page 116.
558 Letter Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic to David Morens, M.D.; June 29, 2023. https://dub.link/4cRO7rw
559 Transcript: Dr. Anthony Fauci on “Face the Nation,” November 28, 2021. https://dub.link/bcTF8qd
560 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: David Morens, M.D.; January 18, 2024; page 116.
561 Why it’s so tricky to trace the origin of COVID19. National Geographic; September 10, 2021.
562 Anthony Fauci urges China to release medical records of Wuhan lab workers. Financial Times; June 4, 2021.
563 Statement by President Joe Biden on the Investigation into the Origins of COVID-19. The White House; May 26, 2021.
564 Dr. Anthony Fauci testifies before House Subcommittee on Covid-19 pandemic; June 3, 2024. https://dub.link/1c8K7IG
565 Wenstrup Releases Takeaways from Interview with Dr. Fauci’s Advisor. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; January 18, 2024.
566 NIH reinstates grant for controversial coronavirus research. Nature News, 8 May 2023.
567 Wenstrup Reveals Emails from Whistleblower Alleging Additional Attempts by Fauci Advisor to Subvert Transparency About COVID-19 Origins. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; April 11, 2024.
568 EcoHealth Alliance Releases Emails that are the Subject of False Allegations in the Press. EcoHealth Alliance; April 12, 2024. https://dub.link/qsez6FJ
569 A Hearing with Dr. Anthony Fauci; 3 June 2024. https://dub.link/5CMQhn1
570 Physician-Scientist Steven Quay: Forensic Examination of Wuhan Institute of Virology COVID-19 patient specimens from December 2019 reveals extensive laboratory contamination, including genetic manipulation of the Nipah Virus, a BSL-4 pathogen more lethal than Ebola. PR Newswire; July 26, 2021.
571 Contamination or Vaccine Research? RNA Sequencing data of early COVID-19 patient samples show abnormal presence of vectorized H7N9 hemagglutinin segment. Steven C. Quay, Monali C. Rahalkar, Adrian Jones and Rahul Buhalikar. https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.5066743
572 Fadlallah GM, Ma F, Zhang Z, Hao M, Hu J, Li M, Liu H, Liang B, Yao Y, Gong R, et al. Vaccination with Consensus H7 Elicits Broadly Reactive and Protective Antibodies against Eurasian and North American Lineage H7 Viruses. Vaccines. 2020; 8(1):143. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010143
573 U.S. Right to Know. Production 5 – DOJ NIH: https://dub.link/FXBJUMC; page 88.
574 James Tobias NIH FOIA – 60136: https://dub.link/VwHxOff; page 40.
575 The integrity of science is vital – politics cannot interfere. Gerald T. Keusch, Richard D. Klausner and Kenneth Olden. The Hill; July 20, 2020.
576 Wenstrup Announces Subpoena for Top Fauci Advisor After Whistleblower Allegations are Confirmed. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; April 16, 2024.
577 Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic on X; April 19, 2024. https://dub.link/MVjWUEN
578 Subpoena to David Morens; May 8, 2024. https://dub.link/E2UmH7f
579 Fauci aide allegedly boasted about ability to ‘make emails disappear’ including ‘smoking guns’. U.S Right to Know; May 16, 2024.
580 Overseeing the Overseers: A Hearing with NIH Deputy Director Lawrence Tabak. May 16, 2024. https://dub.link/yTINeUt
581 Letter Peter Daszak to the Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic; April 11, 2024. https://dub.link/7WWbUNm
582 Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic on X; May 9, 2024. https://dub.link/FH3vJs8
583 Letter to Jeffrey Sturchio. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic; May 8, 2024. https://dub.link/ohT01jR
584 A Hearing with the NIAID Senior Scientific Advisor, Dr. David Morens. https://dub.link/YcW1EVg
585 An Evaluation of the Evidence Surrounding EcoHealth Alliance, Inc.’s Research Activites. U.S. House of Representatives; May 1, 2024.
586 Notice of Suspension and Proposed Debarment of EcoHealth Alliance, Inc. Department of Health & Human Services; May 15, 2024. https://dub.link/ALoOeB3
587 Notice of Suspension and Proposed Debarment of Dr. Peter Daszak. Department of Health and Human Services; May 21, 2024. https://dub.link/F6pxEPd
588 Underlying Documents Morens: https://dub.link/dzymQ5k
589 Idem; page 93.
590 Letter to Monica M. Bertagnolli, M.D. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic; May 8, 2024. https://dub.link/1dCsKqc
591 Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic on X; September 30, 2024. https://dub.link/FnVnlxj
592 Letter from Venable LLP to Honorary Brad R. Wenstrup; August 5, 2024. https://dub.link/bzlFTSr
593 Letter Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic to Margaret A. Moore. https://dub.link/0xxkXK3
594 Underlying Documents Morens: https://dub.link/dzymQ5k; page 1/2
595 Key figure in Wuhan research thanked Fauci for downplaying lab leak hypothesis. Washington Examiner; June 1, 2021.
596 Republican senators raise questions after receiving unredacted Fauci email about Wuhan Lab. Washington Examiner; July 29, 2021.
597 Underlying Documents Morens: https://dub.link/dzymQ5k; page 28
598 Idem; page 30.
599 Idem; page 34.
600 A Hearing with Dr. Anthony Fauci; 3 June 2024. https://dub.link/fgvF82T
601 Underlying Documents Morens: https://dub.link/dzymQ5k; Page 88/89.
602 To the Bat Cave: In Search of Covid’s Origins, Scientists Reignite Polarizing Debate on Wuhan ‘Lab Leak’. KFF Health News; May 19, 2021.
603 Underlying Documents Morens: https://dub.link/dzymQ5k; page 114/ 115
604 A Hearing with the NIAID Senior Scientific Advisor, Dr. David Morens. https://dub.link/CIa4xcY
605 Idem. https://dub.link/5DNSWWU
606 NIH awards $7.5 million grant to EcoHealth Alliance, months after uproar over political interference. StatNews; August 27, 2020.
607 Inspector general closed lab leak theory probe 21 months ago. U.S. Right to Know; October 6, 2022.
608 Underlying Documents Morens: https://dub.link/dzymQ5k; page 114/ 115
609 Nobel laureates and science groups demand NIH review decision to kill coronavirus grant. Science News; May 21, 2020.
610 How to Hold Beijing Accountable for the Coronavirus. Wall Street Journal; July 28, 2020.
611 Did the Coronavirus Leak from a Chinese Virology Lab in Wuhan? Jamie Metzl on CNN, April 16, 2020. https://dub.link/eWzLsQH
612 Origins of SARS-CoV-2. https://dub.link/aR5iCRH
613 The COVID-19 catastrophe demands a national commission review. The Hill; August 17, 2020.
614 Jamie Metzl on X; May 23, 2024. https://dub.link/U9zKCPy
615 Underlying Documents Morens: https://dub.link/dzymQ5k; page 103/104.
616 Idem; page 106.
617 Morens DM, Breman JG, Calisher CH, et al. The Origin of COVID-19 and Why It Matters. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103(3):955-959. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-0849
618 Dr. Anthony Fauci testifies before House Subcommittee on Covid-19 pandemic; June 3, 2024. https://dub.link/iD1fYOQ
619 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 15, 18, 23, 129, 130.
620 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 120.
621 Jimmy Tobias on X; October 8, 2024. https://dub.link/9OXJvGW
622 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 38/39.
623 Graham RL, Baric RS. SARS-CoV-2: Combating Coronavirus Emergence. Immunity. 2020;52(5):734-736. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.016
624 Liu SL, Saif LJ, Weiss SR, Su L. No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):505-507. Published 2020 Feb 26. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440
625 Gary Ruskin on X; October 17, 2024. https://dub.link/oAErz2A
626 Deigin Y, Segreto R. SARS-CoV-2’s claimed natural origin is undermined by issues with genome sequences of its relative strains: Coronavirus sequences RaTG13, MP789 and RmYN02 raise multiple questions to be critically addressed by the scientific community. Bioessays. 2021;43(7):e2100015. doi:10.1002/bies.202100015
627 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 32/33.
628 Jeremy Farrar on Twitter; January 10, 2020. https://dub.link/vV2FIiM
629 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 35/36.
630 U.S. Right to Know. Baric & Daszak Gmail. https://dub.link/Q2MMMV1
631 U.S. Right to Know – Saif Liu Su Correspondence: https://dub.link/LpzxryT; page 504/505.
632 Ralph Baric, Whose Virology Techniques Were Used in Wuhan, Testified That Lab Leak Was Possible. Vanity Fair; May 1, 2024.
633 Menachery VD, Yount BL Jr, Debbink K, et al. A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence. Nat Med. 2015;21(12):1508-1513. doi:10.1038/nm.3985
634 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 136/137.
635 Idem; page 204.
636 Idem; Page 172/182.
637 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 122.
638 Idem; page 100/101
639 Idem; 123.
640 Understanding the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Emergence – Grant Notice. https://dub.link/N4MsHWB; page 252
641 Hu B, Zeng LP, Yang XL, et al. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13(11):e1006698. Published 2017 Nov 30. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698
642 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 115.
643 Idem; Page 118/119.
644 Idem; Page 92.
645 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 93.
646 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 204. Page 185.
647 Idem; page 95.
648 Idem; Page 102/111.
649 Idem. Page 92.
650 Idem. Page 177.
651 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 180.
652 Idem; page 185.
653 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 132/144-146.
654 Idem; page 124.
655 Menachery VD, Dinnon KH 3rd, Yount BL Jr, et al. Trypsin Treatment Unlocks Barrier for Zoonotic Bat Coronavirus Infection. J Virol. 2020;94(5):e01774-19. Published 2020 Feb 14. doi:10.1128/JVI.01774-19
656 Idem; page 49/50.
657 Idem; page 39.
658 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 56/57/58/59
659 NIH RePORT: Understanding Risk of Zoonotic Virus Emergence in EID Hotspots of Southeast Asia. https://dub.link/TQjLBkH
660 NIH RePORT: Study of Nipah virus dynamics and genetics in its bat reservoir and of human exposure to NiV across Bangladesh to understand patterns of human outbreaks. https://dub.link/PcqU6Ut
661 NIH RePORT: Analyzing the potential for future bat coronavirus emergence in Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. https://dub.link/bPz5qb1
662 Management Advisory: Review of DoD Funds Provided to the People’s Republic of China and Associated Affiliates for Research Activities or Any Foreign Countries for the Enhancement of Pathogens of Pandemic Potential. Inspector General U.S. Department of Defense; June 18, 2024.
663 Peter Daszak’s EcoHealth Alliance Has Hidden Almost $40 Million in Pentagon Funding and Militarized Pandemic Science. Independent Science News; December 16, 2020.
664 Inspector General U.S. Department of Defense. (U) Management Advisory: Review of DoD Funds Provided to the People’s Republic of China and Associated Affiliates for Research Activities or Any Foreign Countries for the Enhancement of Pathogens of Pandemic Potential; June 18, 2024. https://dub.link/rWTu82Q
665 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024. https://dub.link/YcJeCks
666 Justing Goodman on X; December 6, 2023. https://dub.link/i4Iz5mg
667 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025. https://dub.link/BtyRDrA
668 “This Shouldn’t Happen”: Inside the Virus-Hunting Nonprofit at the Center of the Lab-Leak Controversy. Vanity Fair; March 31, 2022.
669 The Truth About Wuhan – How I Discovered the Biggest Lie in History. Dr. Andrew G. Huff. Skyhorse Publishers; December 6, 2022. Page 255.
670 Senator Marshall Leads Letter Addressing Concerns on U.S. Funding Directed to China’s Research Labs. Doc Marshall – U.S. Senator for Kansas – Newsroom – Press Releases; May 17, 2024. https://dub.link/qTgqGn9
671 Letter of Roger W. Marshall to Inspector General – U.S. Department of Defense Office of Inspector General.
672 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 233.
673 The Seeker on Twitter; May 29, 2024. https://dub.link/uDOEYF9
674 Data PREDICT Global.https://dub.link/Yh8uQBQ
675 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 165/178.
676 Prophet in Purgatory. Science News, 17 November 2021.
677 NIH demands unpublished data on coronavirus experiment, but says research is not linked to the pandemic. The Washington Post; October 21, 2021.
678 U.S. Right to Know. Production 7 – DOJ NIH: https://dub.link/2FBKWsz; page 50.
679 EcoHealth Alliance President Peter Daszak to Appear for Public Hearing. Committee on Oversight and Accountability; April 4, 2024.
680 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 230
681 Idem; page 220/221
682 Daszak e-mail to Baric – Statement in Support. https://dub.link/zY4Xhsg
683 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 245.
684 Idem; page 253
685 Action Referral Memorandum – Department of Health and Human Services. https://dub.link/x2bK08v; page 9.
686 An Evaluation of the Evidence Surrounding EcoHealth Alliance, Inc.’s Research Activities. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic – Committee on Oversight and Accountability; May 1, 2024. https://dub.link/tShWrAm; page 11.
687 A Hearing with the President of EcoHealth Alliance, Dr. Peter Daszak. GOP Oversight; May 1, 2024. https://dub.link/3uSLI3C
688 Idem; https://dub.link/D9iHCeV
689 Voor een aantal hoofdpersonen volgde na een vrijwillig interview met de Subcommittee een openbare hoorzitting.
690 The COVID-19 Origins Investigation – Committee on Energy & Commerce – Chair Rogers. April 16, 2021.
691 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 79/80.
692 A Hearing with the President of EcoHealth Alliance, Dr. Peter Daszak; May 1, 2024. https://dub.link/QiV7XfU
693 A Hearing with the President of EcoHealth Alliance, Dr. Peter Daszak. GOP Oversight; May 1, 2024. https://dub.link/lXLgxnn
694 Wang N, Li SY, Yang XL, Huang HM, Zhang YJ, Guo H, Luo CM, Miller M, Zhu G, Chmura AA, Hagan E, Zhou JH, Zhang YZ, Wang LF, Daszak P, Shi ZL. Serological Evidence of Bat SARS-Related Coronavirus Infection in Humans, China. Virol Sin. 2018 Feb;33(1):104-107. doi: 10.1007/s12250-018-0012-7. Epub 2018 Mar 2. PMID: 29500691; PMCID: PMC6178078.
695 Understanding the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Emergence. https://dub.link/wcNNgGn; page 233.
696 U.S. Right to Know. Production 2 – DOJ NIH: https://dub.link/frUlP6Q; page 16.
697 Francisco de A. de Ribera on Twitter; July 16, 2021. https://dub.link/wGsICIq
698 Wu Z, Han Y, Wang Y, et al. A comprehensive survey of bat sarbecoviruses across China in relation to the origins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Natl Sci Rev. 2022;10(6):nwac213. Published 2022 Oct 11. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwac213
699 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024; page 77.
700 Bryce Nickels on Twitter; May1, 2024. https://dub.link/CLPcuDY
701 Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories – 6th Edition. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – National institutes of Health. Revised June 2020.
702 Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories – 5th Edition. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – National Institutes of Health.
703 En wel op pagina 277.
704 A Hearing with the President of EcoHealth Alliance, Dr. Peter Daszak; May 1, 2024. https://dub.link/yNseDNS
705 NIH Updated Policy Guidance for Subaward/ Consortium Written Agreements. Notice Number: NOT-OD-23-133.
706 NIH Final Updated Policy Guidance for Subaward/ Consortium Written Agreements. Notice Number: NOT-OD-23-182.
707 NIH mandate that foreign partners of U.S. Scientists regularly submit all data stirs outcry. Science Insiders; 13 June 2023.
708 NIH sticks to new requirement that foreign partners share lab notebooks. Science Insider; 15 September 2023.
709 Biosafety Now on X; https://dub.link/OwCwtd6
710 Bryce Nickels on Twitter; May 18, 2024. https://dub.link/IfuchRP
711 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 30.
712 Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic on X; May 26, 2024. https://dub.link/CzXnjEv
713 Peter Hotez on X; June 11, 2024. https://dub.link/6E4eXtz
714 Letter Subcommittee to Peter Jay Hotez; June 5, 2024. https://dub.link/cKvs1iu
715 Peter Hotez on X; June 22, 2024. https://dub.link/B7oC0IF
716 Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic on X; June 5, 2024. https://dub.link/MdYTxDg
717 Making the World Safe from the Threats of Emerging Infectious Diseases. Prince Mahidol Award Conference. 29 January – 3 February 2018; Bangkok, Thailand. https://dub.link/FwUR5kt
718 Gilles Demaneuf on Twitter; April 12, 2023. https://dub.link/e4LZ2gg
719 The Global Virome Project: the Beginning of the End of the Pandemic Era: Closed Session; 29 January 2018. https://dub.link/1Snrk74
720 Letter McMorris Rodgers, Guthrie and Griffith to the Nation Academy of Medicine; November 30, 2021. https://dub.link/SeOCVX5
721 Idem.
722 Conduct probe exonerates scientist accused of obscuring pandemic’s origin. Science Insider; 28 october 2022
723 Bat SARS-like coronavirus strain Rs151514_Guizhou spike protein (S) gene, complete cds. https://dub.link/MXnyE6F
724 Eddie Holmes: Zoonotic Diseases, China, Fauci, And the Lab Leak Hypothesis. Bad Boys of Science; 23 December 2022. https://dub.link/bz7B4tt
725 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Peter Daszak; November 14, 2023. Page 216.
726 Science editor says his journal’s ‘wet market’ papers are not conclusive. U.S. Right to Know; April 16, 2024.
727 Written Testimony of Dr. Holden Thorp Editor-in-Chief, Science Family of Journals – American Association for the Advancement of Science. Holden Thorp; April 16, 2024. https://dub.link/ayooXP6
728 Academic Malpractice: Examining the Relationship b/w Scientific Journals, the Government, & Peer Review. https://dub.link/DbjZtds
729 Academic Malpractice: Examining the Relationship b/w Scientific Journals, the Governments, & Peer Revies; 16 April 2024. https://dub.link/OaMVfFj
730 Het laboratorium in Wuhan waar corona begon – of toch niet. NRC, 22 mei 2020.
731 Goede relatie met China voor Universiteit Groningen dan academische vrijheid. Follow the Money; 7 mei 2021.
732 Have scientists suppressed the truth about Covid’s origins? Spiked; 15th October 2024.
733 Police using Huawei technology despite concerns over Chinese spying. The Telegraph; 15 February 2023.
734 Is China’s Huawei a Threat to U.S. National Security? Council on Foreign Relations; February 8, 2023.
735 University of Edingburgh took £12m funding from Chinese organisations with military links, including money from Huawei Technologies. The Scotsman; 14th November 2023.
736 The Lab-Leak Hypothesis – For decades, scientists have been hot-wiring viruses in hopes of preventing a pandemic, not causing one. But what if…? Intelligencer; January 4, 2021.
737 The Origin and Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Expert Survey; February 2, 2024. https://dub.link/nzb7pya
738 Idem. https://dub.link/LjpQusO; Tabel 1.
739 Idem. Annex: https://dub.link/I9En0Xr; Table F12.
740 Biosafety and the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence and policy implications; 14 May 2024. https://dub.link/sXNElrZ
741 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Anthony S. Fauci; Part 2: January 9, 2024. Page 74.
742 Dr. Anthony Fauci testifies before House Subcommittee on Covid-19 pandemic; June 3, 2024. https://dub.link/ezfaa83
743 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Anthony S. Fauci; Part 1: January 8, 2024. Page 175.
744 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Anthony S. Fauci; Part 2: January 9, 2024. Page 79.
745 Dr. Fauci Could Have Said a Lot More. The New York Times; March 28, 2023.
746 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of Francis Collins, M.D.; January 12, 2024. Page 98
747 Idem; page 116.
748 Idem; page 117.
749 Idem; page 130/131.
750 Idem; page 138.
751 Letter James Comer and Jim Jordan to Xavier Becerra, Secretary U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; January 11, 2022. https://dub.link/mcjUkIj
752 Fox’s Bret Baier: Sources ‘Increasingly Confident’ Coronavirus Outbreak Started in Wuhan Lab. Media-ITE; April 16, 2020. https://dub.link/R7vwnUg
753 How China Built a Twitter Propaganda Machine Then Let It Loose on Coronavirus. Pro Publica; March 26, 2020.
754 Meta Takes Down ‘Largest Ever’ Chinese Influence Operation. Time; August 31, 2023.
755 EcoHealth Alliance Releases Emails that are the Subject of False Allegations in the Press; April 12, 2024. https://dub.link/gCZcyRz
756 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 56.
757 Christine Beadle, Stephen L. Hoffman, History of Malaria in the United States Naval Forces at War: World War I Through the Vietnam Conflict, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 16, Issue 2, February 1993, Pages 320–329, https://doi.org/10.1093/clind/16.2.320
758 Dotiwala F, Upadhyay AK. Next Generation Mucosal Vaccine Strategy for Respiratory Pathogens. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Oct 12;11(10):1585. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11101585. PMID: 37896988; PMCID: PMC10611113.
759 Mantis NJ, Morici LA, Roy CJ. Mucosal vaccines for biodefense. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2012;354:181-95. doi: 10.1007/82_2011_122. PMID: 21461982; PMCID: PMC7121805.
760 Li M, Wang Y, Sun Y, Cui H, Zhu SJ, Qiu HJ. Mucosal vaccines: Strategies and challenges. Immunol Lett. 2020; 217: 116-125. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.10.013
761 Bull JJ, Smithson MW, Nuismer SL. Transmissible Viral Vaccines. Trends Microbiol. 2018 Jan;26(1):6-15. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.09.007. Epub 2017 Oct 13. PMID: 29033339; PMCID: PMC5777272.
762 Pacheco-García U, Serafín-López J. Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 14;11(3):655. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11030655. PMID: 36992239; PMCID: PMC10055900.
763 Preparing for Dangerous Storms. MeWatch, 2023. https://dub.link/P2kLzbH
764 The Sarin Gas Attack in Japan and the Related Forensic Investigation. Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons; 1 June 2001.
765 Dennis DT. Plague as a Biological Weapon. Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century. 2009:37–70. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1266-4_2. PMCID: PMC7120598.
766 Ioannidis JPA. Infection fatality rate of COVID-19 inferred from seroprevalence data. Bull World Health Organ. 2021;99(1):19-33F. doi:10.2471/BLT.20.265892
767 Pezzullo AM, Axfors C, Contopoulos-Ioannidis DG, Apostolatos A, Ioannidis JPA. Age-stratified infection fatality rate of COVID-19 in the non-elderly population. Environ Res. 2023 Jan 1;216(Pt 3):114655. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114655. Epub 2022 Oct 28. PMID: 36341800; PMCID: PMC9613797.
768 Sweden during the Pandemic: Pariah or Paragon? Johan Norberg; August 29, 2023.
769 SARS-CoV-2 is precisely the virus WIV was hunting for in 2019. Yuri Deigin – Medium; April 22, 2024.
770 Professor Jiang Shibo: Position: Director of the Institute of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Fudan University. https://dub.link/eB0QASR
771 Du L, He Y, Zhou Y, Liu S, Zheng BJ, Jiang S. The spike protein of SARS-CoV–a target for vaccine and therapeutic development. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009;7(3):226-236. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2090
772 Zhou Y, Jiang S, Du L. Prospects for a MERS-CoV spike vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2018 Aug;17(8):677-686. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1506702. Epub 2018 Aug 9. PMID: 30058403; PMCID: PMC6355461.
773 Tai W, Wang Y, Fett CA, Zhao G, Li F, Perlman S, Jiang S, Zhou Y, Du L. Recombinant Receptor-Binding Domains of Multiple Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses (MERS-CoVs) Induce Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies against Divergent Human and Camel MERS-CoVs and Antibody Escape Mutants. J Virol. 2016 Dec 16;91(1):e01651-16. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01651-16. PMID: 27795425; PMCID: PMC5165220.
774 Chen WH, Tao X, Agrawal AS, et al. Yeast-expressed SARS-CoV recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD219-N1) formulated with aluminum hydroxide induces protective immunity and reduces immune enhancement. Vaccine. 2020;38(47):7533-7541. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.061
775 Lavelle EC, Ward RW. Mucosal vaccines – fortifying the frontiers. Nat Rev Immunol. 2022 Apr;22(4):236-250. doi: 10.1038/s41577-021-00583-2. Epub 2021 Jul 26. Erratum in: Nat Rev Immunol. 2022 Apr;22(4):266. doi: 10.1038/s41577-021-00599-8. PMID: 34312520; PMCID: PMC8312369.
776 NIH RePORT: RBD recombinant protein-based SARS vaccine for biodefense. https://dub.link/B4nda9t
777 NIH RePORT: Structure-based design of coronavirus subunit vaccines. https://dub.link/a3Is7Dr
778 Wan Y, Shang J, Sun S, et al. Molecular Mechanism for Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Coronavirus Entry. J Virol. 2020;94(5):e02015-19. Published 2020 Feb 14. doi:10.1128/JVI.02015-19
779 Shukla R, Ramasamy V, Shanmugam RK, Ahuja R, Khanna N. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement: A Challenge for Developing a Safe Dengue Vaccine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020 Oct 22;10:572681. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.572681. PMID: 33194810; PMCID: PMC7642463.
780 Biswal S, Reynales H, Saez-Llorens X, et al. Efficacy of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine in Healthy Children and Adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(21):2009-2019. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1903869
781 Huisman W, Martina BE, Rimmelzwaan GF, Gruters RA, Osterhaus AD. Vaccine-induced enhancement of viral infections. Vaccine. 2009;27(4):505-512. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.10.087
782 Shukla R, Ramasamy V, Shanmugam RK, Ahuja R, Khanna N. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement: A Challenge for Developing a Safe Dengue Vaccine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020 Oct 22;10:572681. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.572681. PMID: 33194810; PMCID: PMC7642463.
783 Yip MS, Leung NH, Cheung CY, et al. Antibody-dependent infection of human macrophages by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Virol J. 2014;11:82. Published 2014 May 6. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-11-82
784 Sawant J, Patil A, Kurle S. A Review: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Viral Infections. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jul 14;11(7):1240. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11071240. PMID: 37515055; PMCID: PMC10384352.
785 Cho A, Muecksch F, Schaefer-Babajew D, et al. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antibody evolution after mRNA vaccination. Nature. 2021;600(7889):517-522. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04060-7
786 Lee WS, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, DeKosky BJ. Antibody-dependent enhancement and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(10):1185-1191. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-00789-5
787 Wan Y, Shang J, Sun S, Tai W, Chen J, Geng Q, He L, Chen Y, Wu J, Shi Z, Zhou Y, Du L, Li F. Molecular Mechanism for Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Coronavirus Entry. J Virol. 2020 Feb 14;94(5):e02015-19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02015-19. PMID: 31826992; PMCID: PMC7022351.
788 U.S. Right to Know. DEFUSE – Combined Records: https://dub.link/Z9Yjiim; Page 478.
789 Renewal grant – ‘Understanding the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Emergence’. https://dub.link/SY7OFss
790 Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, US House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Interview of: Ralph S. Baric, Ph.D. Monday, January 22, 2024. Page 56.
791 U.S. Right to Know. Baric E-mails. https://dub.link/DMgxkGs; page 15.
792 SARS-CoV-2 is precisely the virus WIV was hunting for in 2019. Medium – Yuri Deigin; April 22, 2024.
793 Zeng LP, Ge XY, Peng C, Tai W, Jiang S, Du L, Shi ZL. Cross-neutralization of SARS coronavirus-specific antibodies against bat SARS-like coronaviruses. Sci China Life Sci. 2017 Dec;60(12):1399-1402. doi: 10.1007/s11427-017-9189-3. Epub 2017 Nov 10. PMID: 29134417; PMCID: PMC7089274.
794 Zhu Y, Yu D, Han Y, et al. Cross-reactive neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by serum antibodies from recovered SARS patients and immunized animals. Sci Adv. 2020;6(45):eabc9999. Published 2020 Nov 6. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc9999.
795 Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhou I, Lou H, Li CZ, Chen ZR, Zhang ZH, Liu S, Wu S, Tan W, Jiang S, Zhou C. Simultaneous expression of displayed and secreted antibodies for antibody screen. PLoS One. 2013 Nov 11;8(11):e80005. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080005. PMID: 24244593; PMCID: PMC3823846.
796 Jiang S, Du L, Shi Z. An emerging coronavirus causing pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China: calling for developing therapeutic and prophylactic strategies [published correction appears in Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):539. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1737363]. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):275-277. Published 2020 Jan 31. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1723441
797 Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin [published correction appears in Nature. 2020 Dec;588(7836):E6. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2951-z]. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270-273. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
798 Du L, He Y, Zhou Y, Liu S, Zheng BJ, Jiang S. The spike protein of SARS-CoV–a target for vaccine and therapeutic development. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009 Mar;7(3):226-36. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2090. Epub 2009 Feb 9. PMID: 19198616; PMCID: PMC2750777.
799 Du L, He Y, Zhou Y, Liu S, Zheng BJ, Jiang S. The spike protein of SARS-CoV–a target for vaccine and therapeutic development. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009 Mar;7(3):226-36. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2090. Epub 2009 Feb 9. PMID: 19198616; PMCID: PMC2750777.
800 Du L, Kao RY, Zhou Y, He Y, Zhao G, Wong C, Jiang S, Yuen KY, Jin DY, Zheng BJ. Cleavage of spike protein of SARS coronavirus by protease factor Xa is associated with viral infectivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Jul 20;359(1):174-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.092. Epub 2007 May 22. PMID: 17533109; PMCID: PMC2323977.
801 An Analysis of the Origins of the COVID-19 Pandemic – Interim Report. Senate Committee on Health Education, Labor and Pensions: Minority Oversight Staff: October 2022.
802 Zhou Y, Zhao G, Gu H; Sun S, He L, Li Y, Han G, Lang X, Liu J, Geng S, Sheng X. (Feb. 24, 2020). Preparation of COVID-19 Vaccine Comprising RBD Domain-Fc Fusion Protein for Prevention and Therapy of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection. State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China. CN111333704A. https://dub.link/yRQiV5J
803 Muddy Waters – The Origins of COVID-19. Muddy Waters Group; January 27, 2023.
804 “A Complex and Grave Situation – A Political Chronology of the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak.” Senator Rubio, October 2022.
805 Ma C, Li Y, Wang L, Zhao G, Tao X, Tseng CT, Zhou Y, Du L, Jiang S. Intranasal vaccination with recombinant receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike protein induces much stronger local mucosal immune responses than subcutaneous immunization: Implication for designing novel mucosal MERS vaccines. Vaccine. 2014 Apr 11;32(18):2100-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.004. Epub 2014 Feb 18. PMID: 24560617; PMCID: PMC4194189.
806 Yu F, Li Y, Guo Y, et al. Intranasal vaccination of recombinant H5N1 HA1 proteins fused with foldon and Fc induces strong mucosal immune responses with neutralizing activity: Implication for developing novel mucosal influenza vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(12):2831-2838. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1074363
807 Science: Still fighting on the front line of scientific research at the last moment of his life! Zhou Yusen and others developed a new coronavirus mouse model. MedSci; July 31, 2020. https://dub.link/chwSsEE
808 Sun S, He L, Zhao Z, et al. Recombinant vaccine containing an RBD-Fc fusion induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates and mice. Cell Mol Immunol. 2021;18(4):1070-1073. doi:10.1038/s41423-021-00658-z
809 Did vaccine scientist ‘thrown to his death’ have proof of Wuhan lab leak? Chinese military expert who filed patent for Covid vaccine barely a month into country’s first lockdown died in mysterious circumstances aged just 54. Mail Online; June 17, 2023.
810 Stevens, L., & Meester, R. (2021). Correct redeneren: wat een Bayesiaanse analyse zegt over vier recente strafrechtelijke uitspraken. Expertise en Recht, 2021(3), 112-121. Article 1. https://dub.link/SgFCprO
811 Steven Carl Quay MD PhD. A Bayesian analysis concludes beyond a reasonable doubt that SARS-CoV-2 is not a natural zoonosis but instead is laboratory derived. 2021. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4477081
812 The Totality of the Circumstances surrounding SARS-CoV-2 emergence. A Biologist’s Guide to Life – Alex Washburne; November 3, 2022.
813 Outlines of a probabilistic evaluation of possible SARS-CoV-2 origins. Gilles Demaneuf and Rodolphe de Maistre. https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.4051156
814 A Bayesian Analysis Of One Aspect Of The SARS-CoV-2 Origin Story — Where The First Recorded Outbreak Occurred. Jon Seymour; January 17, 2021.
815 Why China and the WHO Will Never Find a Zoonotic Origin For the COVID-19 Pandemic Virus. Jonathan R. Latham; February 25, 2021. https://dub.link/iL62btz
816 Detailed Evidence – SARS-CoV-2 Laboratory Leak Hypothesis. Andrew Tuntable; December 20, 2021. Updated March 2022, March 2023. https://tinyurl.com/mtwsuadc
817 What is the source of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)? https://dub.link/4yAIUK7
818 An Inconvenient Probability v5.10. Michael’s Substack. Michael Weissman; March 14, 2024.
819 Liu Q, Cao L, Zhu XQ. Major emerging and re-emerging zoonoses in China: a matter of global health and socioeconomic development for 1.3 billion. Int J Infect Dis. 2014 Aug; 25:65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.04.003. Epub 2014 May 21. PMID: 24858904; PMCID: PMC7110807.
820 China’s wildlife trade. South China Morning Post; March 4, 2020.
821 Fact Sheet: Activity at the Wuhan Institute of Virology. Fact Sheet – Office of the Spokesperson; January 15, 2021. https://dub.link/L6asjGu
822 First People Sickened By COVID-19 Were Chinese Scientists At Wuhan Institute Of Virology, Say US Government Sources. Public; June 13, 2023. https://tinyurl.com/49ppa5fv
823 U.S.-Funded Scientist Among Three Chinese Researchers Who Fell Ill Amid Early Covid-19 Outbreak. June 20, 2023.
824 Fact Sheet: Activity at the Wuhan Institute of Virology. Office of the Spokesperson; January 15, 2021. https://dub.link/wtv6MFH
825 Office of the Director of National Intelligence – National Intelligence Council: Updated Assessment on COVID-19 ORIGINS. October 29, 2021. https://dub.link/0ncjm8w
826 ‘Ridiculous,’ says Chinese scientist accused of being pandemic’s patient zero. Science Insider, 23 June 2023.
827 Chen X, Kalyar F, Chughtai AA, MacIntyre CR. Use of a risk assessment tool to determine the origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Risk Anal. 2024;44(8):1896-1906. doi:10.1111/risa.14291
828 Chen X, Chughtai AA, MacIntyre CR. Recalibration of the Grunow-Finke Assessment Tool to Improve Performance in Detecting Unnatural Epidemics. Risk Anal. 2019;39(7):1465-1475. doi:10.1111/risa.13255
829 Where Did the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic Begin and How Did it Spread? The People’s Liberation Army Hospital in Wuhan China and Line 2 of the Wuhan Metro System Are Compelling Answers. Quay, Steven Carl; October 28, 2020. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4119262.
830 Weaponizing Biotech: How China’s Military Is Preparing for a ‘New Domain of Warfare’. Defense One; August 14, 2019.
831 Exclusive | Tracing the origin of the novel coronavirus sequencing: When was the alarm sounded? Caixin; February 26, 2020. https://dub.link/J7dpy4H
832 Line 2 (Wuhan Metro). Wikipedia; https://dub.link/TTGnMQ6
833 The Subways Seeded the Massive Coronavirus Epidemic in New York City. Jeffrey E. Harris. Working Paper 27021; April 2020. DOI: 10.3386/w27021
834 EcoHealth Alliance. Scientists – Dr. William Karesh. https://dub.link/VMVM1oA
835 International Union for Conservation of Nature. https://dub.link/g69ve0g
836 Africa’s Apes Are Imperiled, Researchers Warn. Washington Post; April 7, 2003.
837 William Karesh: championing “One Health”. Bull World Health Organ. 2020 Oct 1;98(10):652-653. doi: 10.2471/BLT.20.031020. PMID: 33177754; PMCID: PMC7652556.
838 Research with exotic viruses risks a deadly outbreak, scientists warn. The Washington Post; April 10, 2023.
839 Pettan-Brewer C, Penn G, Biondo AW, Jaenisch T, Grützmacher K, Kahn LH. Who coined the term “One Health”? Cooperation amid the siloization. One Health. 2024;18:100678. Published 2024 Jan 12. doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100678
840 Idem.
841 Secretariat of One Health groups and initiatives. WHO. https://dub.link/9CQNvBK
842 One Health High-Level Expert Panel – OHHLEP Term I. https://dub.link/5jfQaHi
843 Netherlands Centre for One Health – NCOH Governance. https://dub.link/QeISdjF
844 Emerging Zoonoses (EmZoo). OneHealth.nl https://dub.link/bWBHI0F
845 Taskforce Covid-19: One Health is dé aanpak van toekomstige pandemieën. Amazing Erasmus MC; 12 oktober 2022.
846 Keusch GT, Amuasi JH, Anderson DE, et al. Pandemic origins and a One Health approach to preparedness and prevention: Solutions based on SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022;119(42):e2202871119. doi:10.1073/pnas.2202871119
847 Global Virome Project – Leadership biographies. https://dub.link/LEF9RsK
848 PREDICT; UC Davis – One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine. https://dub.link/P86UQy6
849 GPMB – Global Preparedness Monitoring Board. https://dub.link/ZmRFueN
850 Besluit op Wob-/Woo-verzoek over lidmaatschap Sigrid Kaag van Global Preparedness Monitoring Board. 22 november 2022. https://dub.link/oG9Ej9x
851 A World at Risk – Annual report on global preparedness for health Emergencies – Global Preparedness Monitoring Board. https://dub.link/U5L4x2X
852 Wouter Aukema on X; January 6, 2023. https://dub.link/cw9srVw
853 One Health and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework – Guidance for United Nations Country Teams 2023. UN Environment Programme. November 23, 2023. https://dub.link/XiTKMln
854 Oppositie boos over afwezigheid Kaag bij vragenuur in Kamer. Leidsch Dagblad; 8 maart 2022.
855 Pandemic & Disaster Preparedness Center bereidt straks beter voor op rampspoed. Amazing Erasmus MC; 21 januari 2021.
856 Marion Koopmans en het RIVM: De Andere Coronakloof. Bomen & Bos Substack; December 26, 2023.
857 NIH RePORT: Study of Nipah virus dynamics and genetics in its bat reservoir and of human exposure to NiV across Bangladesh to understand patterns of human outbreaks. https://dub.link/BatAmZ8
858 NIH RePORT: Understanding Risk of Zoonotic Virus Emergence in EID Hotspots of Southeast Asia. https://dub.link/fGi6pe6
859 NIH RePORT: Analyzing the potential for future bat coronavirus emergence in Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. https://dub.link/Hmi0D2j
860 U.S. Right to Know. NIH FOIA Request 56077: https://dub.link/3ECjaEV; page 357.
861 USAID Announces New $125 Million Project To Detect Unknown Viruses With Pandemic Potential. USAID – From the American People; October 5, 2021.
862 UW joins USAID’s $125M project to detect emerging viruses with pandemic potential. University of Washington News; October 5, 2021.
863 The US quietly terminates a controversial $125m wildlife virus hunting programme amid safety fears. BMJ 2023; 382: p2002. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p2002
864 Idem.
865 Research with exotic viruses risks a deadly outbreak, scientists warn. The Washington Post; April 10, 2023.
866 U.S. cancels program aimed at identifying potential pandemic viruses. Science Insider, 8 September 2023.
867 Holmes EC, Rambaut A, Andersen KG. Pandemics: spend on surveillance, not prediction. Nature. 2018;558(7709):180-182. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05373-w
868 U.S. cancels program aimed at identifying potential pandemic viruses. Science Insider, 8 September 2023.
869 Public notice of proposed new Scientific Advisory Group for the Origins of Novel Pathogens (SAGO) members. World Health Organization, 13 October 2021.
870 Maria D. van Kerkhove et al., Preparing for “Disease X”. Science374,377-377(2021). DOI:10.1126/science.abm7796.
871 Coronabeleid bepaald door de Europese Commissie. Bomen & Bos Substack; 6 april 2020.
872 Idem.
873 Ministerie van Economische Zaken verzette zich tegen ‘intelligente’ lockdowns. Het Parool; 22 juni 2021.
874 COVID Lockdowns Were a Giant Experiment. It was a Failure. A key lesson of the pandemic. Intelligencer; October 30, 2023.
875 IEA Perspectives 1. Did Lockdowns Work? The Verdict on Covid restrictions. Herby, Jonas & Jonung, Lars & Hanke, Steve, June 2023. https://dub.link/ZRUvDjg
876 Eran Bendavid, Chirag J. Patel, Epidemic outcomes following government responses to COVID-19: Insights from nearly 100,000 models.Sci. Adv.10, eadn0671(2024). DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adn0671
877 Lockdown benefits ‘a drop in the bucket compared to the costs’, landmark study finds. The Telegraph; 4 June 2023.
878 A Conversation with Lord Sumption. Jayanta Bhattacharya. Brownstone Institute; September 22, 2021.
879 Marion Koopmans en het RIVM: De Andere Coronakloof. Bomen & Bos Substack; December 26, 2023.
880 Sweden during the Pandemic. Pariah or Paragon? Cato Policy Analysis; Number 959: August 29, 2023. https://dub.link/dl95bio
881 ‘Sweden had been vindicated on Covid’. Martin Kulldorff on why lockdowns were a disaster for public health. Spiked; 17th April 2024.